Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine 2019 1(1):4-6
A 63-year-old male who was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the right lower lobe presented with 1 week of fever, cough, and progressive dyspnea and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). After intubation, physical examination revealed copious, light bloody sputum and diffuse crackles and rales on lung auscultation. The patient was diagnosed as Stage IV adenocarcinoma, septic shock (lung infection), and acute respiratory distress syndrome. His oxygenation failed to improve despite sedation, restrictive fluid therapy, and methylprednisolone, antimicrobials therapy, protective ventilation, plasma supplement, and anticoagulation. Respiratory secretions suctioned from her endotracheal tube averaged 1.0 L daily. On day 2 after admission, octreotide was infused to control sputum volume. The patient's respiratory secretions decreased significantly, and on day 8, the ventilator mode was changed to pressure support ventilation, and the patient was extubated and dismissed from ICU.
Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine 2019 1(1):7-11
Interest in the use of angiotensin (AT) (particularly in the context of shock) had been rekindled by recent randomized trial data (notably the AT II for the Treatment of High-Output Shock-3 study). This review article outlines the renin–AT system in health and during sepsis as well as the proposed clinical uses of AT II. The potential for wider application within critical care is also considered.
Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine 2019 1(1):12-19
Despite decades of efforts, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still the leading cause for mortality and immobility of children and young adults worldwide and is a great burden to the health-care system. After injury, the oxygen supply is conventionally considered the monitoring parameter in a neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit. However, the overall mortality rate has only slightly improved since the late twentieth century. Evolving evidence suggests that dysfunction of oxygen utilization might be the underlying pathophysiology of secondary brain injury, which should also be a key parameter for multimodal monitoring and management after severe TBI. In this review, we summarize the current and advanced understanding of multimodal monitoring for severe TBI along with novel noninvasive technologies in this field. By continuously monitoring patients with severe TBI, the use of multimodal monitoring technologies including (but not limited to) computed tomography, cerebral microdialysis, near-infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and magnetic induction phase shift method will be crucial for observing disease changes such as intracranial pressure and brain tissue oxygen partial pressure as well as developing potential therapeutic strategies after severe TBI.
Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine 2019 1(1):20-27
Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is a devastating subtype of ischemic stroke, which carries a significant mortality rate (up to 80%) despite of conservative treatment. On the other hand, surgical decompressive procedure is the only established therapy to rescue the adverse effects of malignant edema and thus improve outcome. Accordingly, the early recognition of a possible malignant course as well as prediction of outcome is crucial for clinical decision-making. Numerous neuromonitoring techniques have been applied to address this issue. In theory, these techniques have the potential to present the information needed to guide targeted and timely intervention before irreversible damage takes place. However, the results were heterogeneous yet conflicting. We examined and summarized the recent evidence in this review, which may shed light on current trends.
Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine 2019 1(1):28-34
Following the initial introduction of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) into the clinical practice in the 1970s, the complexity and performance quality of CDSSs have increased. The current literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of such systems shows conflicting results. While some studies show a clear benefit in quality-of-care improvement, others fail to replicate these outcomes. Heterogeneity of studies and the complexity of CDSS characteristics drive these conflicting conclusions. The lower cost and the easier implementation of pragmatic clinical trials provide an excellent platform to prove the effectiveness of CDSS in the real-world scenarios. To achieve better results, a series of explanatory trials are needed to identify the most effective CDSS in controlled settings. Therefore, utilization of both explanatory and pragmatic trial designs is necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CDSS on the care of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the acute setting. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the literature on critical care-related CDSS, its characteristics and dimensions, differences between pragmatic and explanatory trials, and potential proposals for both trial designs for AKI.
Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine 2019 1(1):35-41
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute illness and carries a significant risk of mortality and morbidity, resulting in high health-care-associated costs. The incidence of AKI appears to be rising, making it ever more important to understand its acute and chronic consequences. In this review, we explore the evolving epidemiology of AKI, describe the impact of AKI on other organs, and discuss the short- and long-term effects of AKI on mortality and morbidity and its economic burden.
A 63-year-old male who was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the right lower lobe presented with 1 week of fever, cough, and progressive dyspnea and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). After intubation, physical examination revealed copious, light bloody sputum and diffuse crackles and rales on lung auscultation. The patient was diagnosed as Stage IV adenocarcinoma, septic shock (lung infection), and acute respiratory distress syndrome. His oxygenation failed to improve despite sedation, restrictive fluid therapy, and methylprednisolone, antimicrobials therapy, protective ventilation, plasma supplement, and anticoagulation. Respiratory secretions suctioned from her endotracheal tube averaged 1.0 L daily. On day 2 after admission, octreotide was infused to control sputum volume. The patient's respiratory secretions decreased significantly, and on day 8, the ventilator mode was changed to pressure support ventilation, and the patient was extubated and dismissed from ICU.
Ehsan Ahmadnia, Anna Hall, Marlies Ostermann DOI:10.4103/jtccm.jtccm_1_18
Interest in the use of angiotensin (AT) (particularly in the context of shock) had been rekindled by recent randomized trial data (notably the AT II for the Treatment of High-Output Shock-3 study). This review article outlines the renin–AT system in health and during sepsis as well as the proposed clinical uses of AT II. The potential for wider application within critical care is also considered.
Despite decades of efforts, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still the leading cause for mortality and immobility of children and young adults worldwide and is a great burden to the health-care system. After injury, the oxygen supply is conventionally considered the monitoring parameter in a neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit. However, the overall mortality rate has only slightly improved since the late twentieth century. Evolving evidence suggests that dysfunction of oxygen utilization might be the underlying pathophysiology of secondary brain injury, which should also be a key parameter for multimodal monitoring and management after severe TBI. In this review, we summarize the current and advanced understanding of multimodal monitoring for severe TBI along with novel noninvasive technologies in this field. By continuously monitoring patients with severe TBI, the use of multimodal monitoring technologies including (but not limited to) computed tomography, cerebral microdialysis, near-infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and magnetic induction phase shift method will be crucial for observing disease changes such as intracranial pressure and brain tissue oxygen partial pressure as well as developing potential therapeutic strategies after severe TBI.
Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is a devastating subtype of ischemic stroke, which carries a significant mortality rate (up to 80%) despite of conservative treatment. On the other hand, surgical decompressive procedure is the only established therapy to rescue the adverse effects of malignant edema and thus improve outcome. Accordingly, the early recognition of a possible malignant course as well as prediction of outcome is crucial for clinical decision-making. Numerous neuromonitoring techniques have been applied to address this issue. In theory, these techniques have the potential to present the information needed to guide targeted and timely intervention before irreversible damage takes place. However, the results were heterogeneous yet conflicting. We examined and summarized the recent evidence in this review, which may shed light on current trends.
Using Clinical Decision Support Systems for Acute Kidney Injury Pragmatic Trials
p. 28
Kianoush Kashani, Nooshin Dalili, Rickey E Carter, John A Kellum, Ravindra L Mehta DOI:10.4103/jtccm.jtccm_6_18
Following the initial introduction of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) into the clinical practice in the 1970s, the complexity and performance quality of CDSSs have increased. The current literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of such systems shows conflicting results. While some studies show a clear benefit in quality-of-care improvement, others fail to replicate these outcomes. Heterogeneity of studies and the complexity of CDSS characteristics drive these conflicting conclusions. The lower cost and the easier implementation of pragmatic clinical trials provide an excellent platform to prove the effectiveness of CDSS in the real-world scenarios. To achieve better results, a series of explanatory trials are needed to identify the most effective CDSS in controlled settings. Therefore, utilization of both explanatory and pragmatic trial designs is necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CDSS on the care of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the acute setting. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the literature on critical care-related CDSS, its characteristics and dimensions, differences between pragmatic and explanatory trials, and potential proposals for both trial designs for AKI.
The Short- and Long-Term Burden of Acute Kidney Injury
p. 35
Jonah G Powell-Tuck, Jorge Cerda, Marlies Ostermann DOI:10.4103/jtccm.jtccm_7_18
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute illness and carries a significant risk of mortality and morbidity, resulting in high health-care-associated costs. The incidence of AKI appears to be rising, making it ever more important to understand its acute and chronic consequences. In this review, we explore the evolving epidemiology of AKI, describe the impact of AKI on other organs, and discuss the short- and long-term effects of AKI on mortality and morbidity and its economic burden.
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