Thursday, January 13, 2022

Exposure to aluminium chloride during the peripuberal period induces prostate damage in male rats

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Via histochem

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Acta Histochem. 2022 Jan 9;124(1):151843. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151843. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aluminium (Al) is an important metal, but it can be toxic including for prostate tissue. This study aimed to evaluate whether exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl3) during the peripubertal period affects ventral prostate development in rats. Male Wistar rats (30 days old) were distributed into three experimental groups: control (sterile 0.9% saline solution), AL7 (7 m g AlCl3/kg) and AL34 (34 mg AlCl3/kg). Animals were treated intraperitoneally from postnatal day (PND) 36-66 (peripubertal period). At PND67, the animals were anaesthetized and euthanized. Blood was collected for testosterone levels. The ventral prostate (VP) was removed, weighed and processed for histochemistry and immunohistochemistry to detect androgen (AR) and Ki67. Stereological and histopathological analyses, mast cell counts, and determinations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl glycosidase (NAG) activity and IL-6 levels were performed. The AL34 group presented a reduction in body weight and increase in MPO activity compared to the other groups. In both the AL7 and AL34 groups, there was reorganization of the prostatic tissue compartments. There was no significant difference in prostate weight, number of granulated or degranulated mast cells, or testosterone levels. In conclusion, the exposure to aluminium chloride during the peripubertal period impairs the prostatic devel opment.

PMID:35021147 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151843

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Exposure to aluminium chloride during the peripuberal period induces prostate damage in male rats

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader
Via histochem

pubmed-meta-image.png

Acta Histochem. 2022 Jan 9;124(1):151843. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151843. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aluminium (Al) is an important metal, but it can be toxic including for prostate tissue. This study aimed to evaluate whether exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl3) during the peripubertal period affects ventral prostate development in rats. Male Wistar rats (30 days old) were distributed into three experimental groups: control (sterile 0.9% saline solution), AL7 (7 m g AlCl3/kg) and AL34 (34 mg AlCl3/kg). Animals were treated intraperitoneally from postnatal day (PND) 36-66 (peripubertal period). At PND67, the animals were anaesthetized and euthanized. Blood was collected for testosterone levels. The ventral prostate (VP) was removed, weighed and processed for histochemistry and immunohistochemistry to detect androgen (AR) and Ki67. Stereological and histopathological analyses, mast cell counts, and determinations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl glycosidase (NAG) activity and IL-6 levels were performed. The AL34 group presented a reduction in body weight and increase in MPO activity compared to the other groups. In both the AL7 and AL34 groups, there was reorganization of the prostatic tissue compartments. There was no significant difference in prostate weight, number of granulated or degranulated mast cells, or testosterone levels. In conclusion, the exposure to aluminium chloride during the peripubertal period impairs the prostatic devel opment.

PMID:35021147 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151843

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The spatiotemporal expression of NRAS and occurrence of giant congenital melanocytic nevi

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ABSTRACT

The mechanism underlying giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) formation is not fully understood. According to recent research, NRAS gene mutation is the main driving factor in GCMN. Melanocytic precursor cells proliferate during the embryonic stage after acquiring NRAS mutations. However, why GCMN undergoes intense proliferation in the embryonic stage and then stops postnatally remains unknown. The current theory for this phenomenon is that the GCMN undergoes oncogene-induced senescence. However, there is not enough evidence to indicate that senescence induces growth arrest in GCMN. In this study, we hypothesized that the expression level of the NRAS gene changes dynamically during the development and differentiation of neural crest cells into melanocytes and that the NRAS expression level determines whether the cell proliferates or becomes quiescent.

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Optical Biopsy: Automated Classification of Airway Endoscopic Findings Using a Convolutional Neural Network

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Objectives/Hypothesis

Create an autonomous computational system to classify endoscopy findings.

Study Design

Computational analysis of vocal fold images at an academic, tertiary-care laryngology practice.

Methods

A series of normal and abnormal vocal fold images were obtained from the image database of an academic tertiary care laryngology practice. The benign images included normals, nodules, papilloma, polyps, and webs. A separate set of carcinoma and leukoplakia images comprised a single malignant–premalignant class. All images were classified with their existing labels. Images were randomly withheld from each class for testing. The remaining images were used to train and validate a neural network for classifying vocal fold lesions. Two classifiers were developed. A multiclass system classified the five categories of benign lesions. A separate analysis was performed using a binary classifier trained to distinguish malignant–premalignant from benign lesions.

Results

Precision ranged from 71.7% (polyps) to 89.7% (papilloma), and recall ranged from 70.0% (papilloma) to 88.0% (nodules) for the benign classifier. Overall accuracy for the benign classifier was 80.8%. The binary classifier correctly identified 92.0% of the malignant–premalignant lesions with an overall accuracy of 93.0%.

Conclusions

Autonomous classification of endoscopic images with artificial intelligence technology is possible. Better network implementations and larger datasets will continue to improve classifier accuracy. A clinically useful optical cancer screening system may require a multimodality approach that incorporates nonvisual spectra.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S8, 2022

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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates recent evidence on the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on hearing outcomes in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss to determine if this treatment should be part of a combination regimen.
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Predictive Value of a Genomic Classifier in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules Based on Nodule Size

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This case series examines the accuracy of a genomic classi fier in diagnosis and treatment of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.
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Tumor Site and the Prognosis and Immunogenomics of HPV-Related Cancers

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This cohort study categorizes tumors of the head and neck and the cervix by human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity status and compares their immunogenomic landscapes and associations with survival.
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Association of Performance on Dichotic Auditory Tests With Risk for Incident Dementia and Alzheimer Dementia

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This cohort study examines associations between signal sen sitivity, central auditory processing, and dementia and Alzheimer dementia risk.
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The Role of HPV in Cancer Prognosis

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In recent decades, it has become clear that most oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), with a distinct biology and favorable prognosis vs head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) that originate in other anatomic subsites. The reasons for the superior survival outcomes and treatment responses seen in HPV-related OPSCC are not entirely well understood. However, it is known that viral oncoproteins within tumor cells can serve as a source of antigenic stimulation for immune cells w ithin the tumor microenvironment. Radiation and chemotherapy release these viral antigens from dying tumor cells, effectively turning the tumor into an in situ vaccine. These concepts are supported by the superior responses of HPV-related OPSCC to radiation, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the role of HPV in the prognosis of HNSCC outside the oropharynx is less clear. Fewer oral, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal tumors are positive for HPV, although tumors at these sites are not routinely tested. Adding to the mystery, studies investigating whether these nonoropharyngeal, HPV-positive tumors are associated with improved prognosis vs their HPV-negative counterparts have shown mixed results. Tumors from other anatomic subsites of the head and neck often contain transcriptionally active virus and a nonkeratinizing, endophytic growth pattern similar to HPV-positive OPSCC, suggesting that the oncogenesis of these tumors is driven by the virus. However, collectively, these studies suggest that the association between HPV status and prognosis is not nearly as strong outside the oropharynx. In the case of cervical cancer, the effects of HPV on prognosis are also controversial, but this has been challenging to investigate because most cervical cancer cases are associated with HPV.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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The treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) continues to be a substantial clinical challenge, in part because of the heterogeneity of the patient population and in part because of the difficulty of studying a disorder with no known causes and no defined, proven, or widely accepted course of clinical intervention. We read with interest the systematic review and meta-analysis by Joshua and colleagues on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for patients with SSNHL. Rhee and colleagues published a review of the same topic i n 2019; however, their conclusions were criticized for significant heterogeneity of the pooled studies, which introduced potentially unsurmountable bias.
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Management of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis, a Severe Complication of Deep Neck Infection, Based on Multidisciplinary Approaches and Departmental Co-Ordination

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Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Jan 13:1455613211068575. doi: 10.1177/01455613211068575. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) developing after deep neck infection (DNI) is a potentially lethal disease of the mediastinum with a mortality rate as high as 40% prior to the 1990s. No standard treatment protocol is available. Here, we present the outcomes of our multidisciplinary approaches for treating DNM originating from a DNI.

MET HODS: Between June 2016 and July 2021, there were 390 patients with DNIs admitting to our tertiary hospital. A total 21 patients with DNIs complicated with DNM were enrolled. The multidisciplinary approaches included establishment of airway security, appropriate surgery and antibiotics, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and intensive care unit management. The clinical variables were analyzed.

RESULTS: Two patients died and 19 survived (mortality 9.5%). The patients who died had a higher mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level than did those who survived (420.0 ± 110.3 vs 221.8 ± 100.6 mg/L) (P = .038). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus anginosus. From 2001 to 2021, the average mortality rate of studies enrolling more than 10 patients was 16.1%.

CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary approaches, early comprehensive medical treatment, and co-ordination among departments significantly reduce mortality. Patients with severe inf lammation and high CRP levels require intensive and aggressive interventions.

PMID:35023759 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211068575

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Assessment of preoperative and postoperative cardiac function in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy: a prospective cohort study

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Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 12. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07255-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Chronic upper airway obstruction caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy is one of the major cause of morbidity in children. It can lead to Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome, Pulmonary Hypertension, Cor Pulmonale and right heart failure. The study aimed to evaluate and compare various parameters of cardiac function with the help of echocardiography preoperatively and postoperatively in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

METHODOLOGY: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 23 patients at an apex care institute, under the age group of 4-12 years, who were diagnosed with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Preoperative symptom analysis and Echocardiographic examination were done. After the assessment, all patients underwent surgery in the form of adenotonsillectomy. Follow-up symptom analysis and echocardiographic examinat ion was done after 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: Significant improvement in the obstructive symptoms were noted in postoperative group as expected (p = < 0.001) and also in parameters such as mPAP (p = < 0.001), TAPSE (p = < 0.001), TAV (p = 0.001), Ejection fraction (p = 0.027) and RVMPI (p = 0.044) were improved in postoperative group. 4 patients had Grade 1 Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction, which disappeared in three patients postoperatively.

CONCLUSION: We have concluded that there can be subclinical cardiac dysfunctions which occurs as a result of chronic upper airway obstruction due to untreated adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Routine cardiac screening in children presenting with sleep disordered breathing associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy may be helpful in identifying and preventing the development of cardiopulmonary complication. These changes can be reversed by performing adenotonsillectomy.

PMID:35022863 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07255-4

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