25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader 25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim The physiological effects and cellular mechanism of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), which is an oxysterol synthesized from cholesterol by cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) expressed under inflammatory conditions, are still largely unknown during odontoclastogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate a 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis and its cellular mechanisms in odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Methodology To investigate 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis of MDPC-23 cells and its cellular mechanism, haemotoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, dentine resorption assay, zymography, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, immunocytochemistry, and nuclear translocation were performed. The experimental values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared using analysis of variance, followed by post-hoc multiple comparison (Tukey's test) using SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corp.). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Lipopolysaccharide or receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced the synthesis of 25-HC via the expression of CH25H in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Multinucleated giant cells with morphological characteristics and TRAP activity of the odontoclast were increased by 25-HC in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Moreover, 25-HC increased dentine resorption through the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases in MDPC-23 cells. It not only increased the expression of odontoclastogenic biomarkers but also translocated cytosolic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus in MDPC-23 cells. Additionally, 25-HC not only increased the production of ROS (p<0.01), expression of inflammatory mediators (p<0.01), pro-inflammatory cytokines, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), and RANKL but also suppressed the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in MDPC-23 cells. In contrast, CDDO-Me, a chemical NF-κB inhibitor, decreased TRAP activity (p<0.01) and downregulated the expression of the odontoclastogenic biomarkers, including RANK and RANKL, in MDPC-23 cells. Conclusion 25-HC induced odontoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK–RANKL–OPG axis via NF-κB activation in MDPC-23 cells. Therefore, these findings provide that 25-HC derived from cholesterol metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiological etiological factors of internal tooth resorption. View on Web

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In-utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader In-utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study via Epidemiology - Published Ahead-of-Print Background: Evidence on the effects of in utero exposure to maternal diabetes on cerebral palsy in offspring is limited. We aimed to examine the effects of pre-gestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) separately on CP risk and the mediating role of increased fetal size. Methods: In a population-based study, we included all live births in Ontario, Canada, between 2002–2017 followed up through 2018 (n=2,110,177). Using administrative health data, we estimated crude and adjusted associations between PGDM or GDM and CP using Cox proportional hazards models to account for unequal follow-up in children. For the mediation analysis, we used marginal structural models to estimate the controlled direct effect of PGDM (and GDM) on the risk of CP not mediated by large-for-gestational age (LGA). Results: During the study period, 5,317 children were diagnosed with CP (187 exposed to PGDM and 171 exposed to GDM). Children of mothers with PGDM showed an increased risk {hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 2.14]} after adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and clinical factors. We found no associations between GDM and CP (adjusted HR: 0.91 (0.77, 1.06)). Our mediation analysis estimated that LGA explained 14% of the PDGM–CP association. Conclusions: In this population-based birth cohort study, maternal pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of CP, and the increased risk was not substantially mediated by the increased fetal size. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The Effect of Two Different Simulation Modalities in Palliative Care Teaching on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Satisfaction, Self-confidence, and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of Two Different Simulation Modalities in Palliative Care Teaching on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Satisfaction, Self-confidence, and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial via Computers Informatics Nursing - Published Ahead-of-Print Nursing students from developing countries have limited opportunities to experience palliative care. Standardized patient and low-fidelity simulations can provide realistic palliative care experiences for students. However, limited research is available on simulation-based education in Palestine. Testing and using these two types of simulation methods may be the best solution for developing countries that lack adequate resources. This study aimed to test the effects of low-fidelity simulation compared with standardized patient simulation in palliative care teaching on nursing students' knowledge, satisfaction, confidenc e, and skills. The study was a randomized controlled trial of 70 nursing students in their sophomore year. Students' knowledge was assessed with the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing test; satisfaction and confidence with the Learner Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning; and skills rated by two researchers. Students' knowledge improved significantly on the posttest compared with the pretest, without significant differences between both groups. The findings showed that the utilization of the two methods in students' clinical training for scenario has the same effect on the satisfaction and confidence. The skills of the standardized patient group improved significantly more than the low-fidelity group. The study revealed that both simulation modalities are effective for palliative care nursing students. View on Web

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High incidence of virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader High incidence of virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection in northwestern China via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major reasons for the childhood mortality that threaten the health of the public. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological pathogens and their infection analysis among children with LRTI. Methods Sputum specimens were collected for PCR detection and microbiological tests to identify the viral infection and bacterial infection. The serological specimens were separated from venous blood using for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) detection. Results Virus was confirmed in 86.2% of the children. Human Rhinovirus (HRV, 38.3%), Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV, 32.1%) and Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (PIV3, 27.2%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients with viral and bacterial co-infection showed younger age (P=0.032), higher propotion of wheezing rales (P=0.032), three depressions sign (P=0.028) and tachypnea (P=0.038), and more likely associated with sever pneumonia (P=0.035). Additionally, older children were more susceptible with viral-atypical bacterial co-infection (P=0.032). Vomiting (P=0.011) and fever (P=0.003) were more likely to occur in children with viral-atypical bacterial co-infection. Conclusions Attention should be paid on the virus infection of LRTI, viral-bacterial co-infection and viral-atypical bacterial co-infection may have detrimental impact on the gravity of LTRI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Comparison of Secondary Attack Rate and Viable Virus Shedding between Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron Variants: A Prospective Cohort Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparison of Secondary Attack Rate and Viable Virus Shedding between Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron Variants: A Prospective Cohort Study via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Backgrounds There are limited data comparing the transmission rates and kinetics of viable virus shedding of the Omicron variant to those of the Delta variant. We compared these rates in hospitalized patients infected with Delta and Omicron variants. Methods We prospectively enrolled adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care hospital in South Korea between September 2021 and May 2022. Secondary attack rates were calculated by epidemiologic investigation, and daily saliva samples were collected to evaluate viral shedding kinetics. Genomic and subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA was measured by PCR, and virus culture was performed from daily saliva samples. Results A total of 88 patients with COVID-19 who agreed to daily sampling and were interviewed, were included. Of the 88 patients, 48 (59%) were infected with Delta, and 34 (41%) with Omicron; a further five patients gave undetectable or inconclusive RNA PCR results and one was suspected of being co-infected with both variants. Omicron group had a higher secondary attack rate (31% [38/124]) versus 7% [34/456], p<0.001). Survival analysis revealed that shorter viable virus shedding period was observed in Omicron variant compared with Delta variant (median 4 days, IQR [1 -7], vs. 8.5 days, IQR [5 – 12 days], p<0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that moderate-to-critical disease severity (HR 1.96), and immunocompromised status (HR 2.17) were independent predictors of prolonged viral shedding, whereas completion of initial vaccine series or 1st booster-vaccinated status (HR 0.49), and Omicron infection (HR 0.44) were independently associated with shorter viable virus s hedding. Conclusion Patients with Omicron infections had higher transmission rates but shorter periods of transmissible virus shedding than those with Delta infections. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Tideglusib enhances odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells in vitro

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Tideglusib enhances odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells in vitro via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim Tideglusib is a small molecule agonist of the canonical Wnt pathway. The present study investigated the influence of Tideglusib on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and odonto/osteogenic differentiation. Methodology hDPSCs were treated with 50 nM, 100 nM, or 200 nM Tideglusib. β-catenin accumulation was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Colony forming unit ability was assessed by staining with Coomassie blue. Cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry. Cell migration was examined using an in vitro wound healing assay. Osteogenic differentiation was examined using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red s staining, and osteogenic-related gene expression. The gene expression profile was examined using a high throughput RNA sequencing technique. All experiments were repeated using cells derived from at least four different donors (n = 4). The Mann Whitney U test was used to identify significant differences for two independent group comparisons. For three or more group comparison, statistical differences were assessed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by a pairwise comparison. The significance level was set at 5% (p< /i> < 0.05). Results Tideglusib activated the Wnt signaling pathway in hDPSCs as demonstrated by an increase in cytoplasmic β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Tideglusib did not affect hDPSC proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis, or cell migration. In contrast, 50 nM and 100 nM Tideglusib significantly enhanced mineralisation and osteogenic marker gene expression (RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, and DSPP) (p < 0.05). Conclusions Tideglusib enhanced the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Therefore, incorporating this bioactive molecule in a pulp capping material could be a promising strategy to promote dentine repair. View on Web

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Cloner 3D photogrammetric facial scanner: Assessment of accuracy in a controlled clinical study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cloner 3D photogrammetric facial scanner: Assessment of accuracy in a controlled clinical study via Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry Abstract Objective To evaluate the accuracy of facial measurements on three-dimensional images obtained using a new photogrammetric scanner. Material and Methods A total of 11 participants were included in the study. Nine customized adhesive labels were used to identify the facial landmarks: Trichion (Tri), Glabella (G), Right (Exr) and Left (Exl), Pronasal (Pn), Subnasal (Sn), Chelion right (Chr) and left (Chl) and Mentonian (Me). Two trained and calibrated examiners were responsible for performing seven linear measurements for each participant (Tri-G, Sn-Me, Exr-Exl, Chr-Chl, Exr-Chr, Exl-Chl, Pn-Sn) first with a digital caliper and later with a three-dimensional model obtained after digitalization with photogrammetric technology. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean difference, SD, and Bland–Altman correlation were used to compare the measurements performed. Results Intra and inter-examiner reliability were excellent (ICC >0.9). In general, the measurements presented a variation of a minor 2.0 mm. However, only three measures (Sn-Me, Exr-Exl, and Exr-Chr) were outside the clinical acceptability range. Conclusions The 3D Cloner scanner showed clinically acceptable accuracy comparable to the digital caliper with a variation of −0.8 ± 1.2 mm. Inter- and intra-examiner agreement on digital measurements was also observed. Clinical Significance Scanners with accurate 3D model reproductions associated with reliable digital measurements provide a more precise diagnosis and better planning in orofacial treatment. View on Web

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Comparison of quality of life and psychological distress in patients with tongue cancer undergoing a total/subtotal glossectomy or extended hemiglossectomy and free flap transfer: a prospective evaluation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparison of quality of life and psychological distress in patients with tongue cancer undergoing a total/subtotal glossectomy or extended hemiglossectomy and free flap transfer: a prospective evaluation via International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery via MedWorm.com The aim of this study was to assess changes in the quality of life and psychological distress of patients with tongue cancer undergoing total/subtotal glossectomy (TG) or extended hemiglossectomy (HG) and free flap transfer. Differences between the two groups were compared using the Short Form 8-Item Health Survey (SF-8) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Of the 43 patients with tongue cancer, 24 (56%) underwent TG and 19 (44%) underwent HG. The general health and social functioning scores in the SF-8 and depression in the HADS were significantly worse in the TG group than in the HG group at 12 months after surgery, indicating that patients in the TG group may experience social isolation and psychological distress, and have difficulty in employability even 12 months after su... View on Web

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Fenestration and dehiscence defects in maxillary anterior teeth using two classification systems

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Fenestration and dehiscence defects in maxillary anterior teeth using two classification systems via Australian Dental Journal Abstract Background The primary objective of the study was to assess the buccal bone thickness (BT), evaluate and compare the prevalence of bone fenestration and dehiscence in anterior maxillary teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Images of 300 maxillary anterior teeth were investigated. The BT was measured at the bone crest, 3,6,9 mm from the bone crest, and apical. Fenestration and dehiscence were recorded according to Yang and Pan's classification. Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed for statistical analysis. Results Fenestration and dehiscence rates were 35.66% and 20%, respectively. Type-III fenestration was higher in group 3(>65 years) (P=0.028). Type-I and IV fenestration and CII DII dehiscence were more common in canines (P>0.05). Fenestration involving 2/3 (46.76%) and 1/3 (44.84%) of the root length was more common. Fenestrations involving the entire root was 8.4%. Most of the dehiscence (63.3%) involved 1/3 of the root length. Dehiscence involving 2/3 of the root length and the entire root were 5% and 9.95%, respectively. The coexistence of fenestration and dehiscence was 8.3%. Dehiscence on the palatal aspect was detected in 1.65% of the anterior maxilla. Conclusions The rate of BT ≤1 mm was 80.08%, and ≥2 mm was 3.66%. Fenestration was most common in canines. Fenestration was mostly located in the apical third, while dehiscence was mostly located in the coronal third. © 2022 Australian Dental Association. View on Web

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Anodic Polarity Minimizes Facial Nerve Stimulation as a Side Effect of Cochlear Implantation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Anodic Polarity Minimizes Facial Nerve Stimulation as a Side Effect of Cochlear Implantation via JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology via MedWorm.com AbstractOne severe side effect of the use of cochlear implants (CI) is coincidental facial nerve stimulation (FNS). Clinical methods to alleviate FNS range from the reprogramming of processor settings to revision surgery. We systematically assessed different changes in CI stimulation modes that have been discussed in the literature as "rescue factors" from FNS: electrode configuration (broad to focused), pulse shape (symmetric biphasic to pseudo-monophasic), and pulse polarity (cathodic to anodic). An FNS was assessed, based on electrophysiological thresholds, in 204 electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) input/ output functions recorded from 33 ears of 26 guinea pigs. The stimulation level difference between auditory nerve eCAP threshold and FNS threshold was expressed a... View on Web

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