The original publication of this paper contains a mistake.
from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2FSCT79
By Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete,Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174
The original publication of this paper contains a mistake.
A new synergistic method was developed to inactivate marine microalgae using combined longwave ultraviolet (UVA) and shortwave ultraviolet (UVC)-photocatalysis (UVA/UVC-TiO2) technology. Five kinds of representative marine microalgae in three phyla were used as inactivating targets to examine the inactivation effect. Compared with the photocatalytic systems using UVA or UVC alone as the light source, the algae inactivation ratio in the newly developed system increased by 0.31 log or 0.19 log, and the chlorophyll a removal rate increased by 17.5% or 9.7%, respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS) of the seawater did not cause remarkable impact on the inactivation process, and the increase of UV radiation intensity improved the treatment effect significantly. Further, UVA/UVC-TiO2 treatment causes irreversible damage to microalgae cell membrane. The content of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) increased rapidly within a short period of time, and a large number of proteins leaked out. The results of this study indicated that UVA/UVC-TiO2 was an effective method to solve the challenge of efficient inactivation of plankton in ballast water containing a high density of suspended matter.
A rather tasty 31 minute video that just rips the Narrative to shreds about those Catholic School Children who where cornered by a Left Wing Mob, but reported in the media as them causing the trouble. Continue reading →
from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2CFau0W
Here we go again. Climate activists are once again claiming that 'global warming' is causing record-breaking snow. http://bit.ly/2CBR5hG UK Guardian By Kate Ravilious Excerpt: Look at all that snow in the Alps; has global warming taken a break? Alas, no, it turns out that the recent record-breaking dumps of snow across much of southern Germany, [...]
from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2CEINFO
The effects of sepiolite and biochar on the contents of available nutrients (N, P, and K); the chemical forms and available contents of Cd and Pb in soils; the biomass and growth of maize; and the contents of nutrients, Cd, and Pb in maize were studied in situ in Cd- and Pb-polluted farmlands around the Lanping Pb–Zn mine in Yunnan Province, China. Results demonstrated that sepiolite did not influence the contents of available nutrients in soils, although it significantly increased the pH value and decreased available Cd (CaCl2-extractable and exchangeable) contents and exchangeable and reducible Pb. Moreover, sepiolite increased the biomass in the aboveground part of maize, resulting in the reduction of Cd contents in maize plants and grains by 25.6–47.5%. Meanwhile, the biochar increased the contents of available nutrients in soils and decreased the contents of exchangeable Pb in soils and biomass in the aboveground part of maize plants and grains; decreased the Cd contents in maize stems and grains by 26.7% and 24.6%, respectively; and decreased the Pb content in roots by 16.2%. However, neither sepiolite nor biochar had considerable influence on the Pb content in maize grains. According to a correlation analysis, soil pH has extremely significant negative correlations with available Cd content in soils, which in turn have extremely significant positive correlation with the Cd content in maize plants and grains. These results revealed that sepiolite increases soil pH and decreases Cd bioavailability in farmland soils around the Pb–Zn mine. Furthermore, biochar increases the contents of available nutrients in farmland soils and the maize yield. Sepiolite and biochar both decrease the contents and transfer coefficients of Cd in maize plants and grains and are, thus, applicable to the immobilization remediation of Cd-polluted farmlands.
China's industrial energy consumption accounted for approximately 70% of national energy demand in the past four decades. Regarding energy demand and environmental pollution, success in controlling energy demand and reducing energy intensity for industrial sectors in China would play a crucial role for the country's sustainable growth problems. To formulate targeted energy plans, the features and characters of China's industrial energy intensity should be carefully evaluated. In this study, a carefully designed econometric model that considers different technological factors including indigenous R&D and technology spillovers from foreign direct investment and trade under a united framework is applied to investigate the β-convergence characteristics for China's industrial energy intensity by employing a panel dataset covering China's 34 industrial sectors over 2000–2010. The results verify the existence of β-convergence in industrial energy intensity during the sample period. For the industrial sectors overall and the light industrial sectors, the empirical results indicate that indigenous R&D and technology spillovers from FDI and imports are beneficial in curbing energy intensity. However, technology spillover through exports makes it harder to reduce energy intensity. In addition, not all technological factors have played a significant role in reducing energy intensity for the heavy industrial sectors.
By Paul Homewood
h/t Ian
What a tangled web they weave!
From the Telegraph:
The BMW i8 plugged in to the first ever hydrogen fuel cell EV charging station
British firm AFC Energy has launched the first ever hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle charger, a system it describes as a "breakthrough" in clean mobility.
By using hydrogen fuel cells to recharge battery-electric vehicles in car parks and service stations, the system will help bridge the growing gap between electricity need and generation capacity caused by a projected rise in EV uptake. The modular, low-cost charger also solves some of the logistical issues currently associated with electric car charging, and can even operate entirely off-grid. It's a completely different model to our current use of hydrogen in mobility, in that the vehicles themselves are BEVs rather than FCEVs, and could be deployed extremely rapidly.
"The UK government has targets for electric vehicle uptake, aiming for 100 percent of new cars to be zero-emission by 2040," says Adam Bond, CEO of AFC Energy.
"The additional power required is somewhere around 27 gigawatts. That's 17,000 wind turbines; one hundred London Arrays. It is enormous power that hasn't been considered within the context of the policy on EV charging.
"It is one thing to stick a couple of EV charger points on the motorway, but that is not going to deliver the policy. What we are trying to do is take from government or industry the need to create another 20 gigawatts of power, and displace that with localised, decentralised, standalone clean energy solutions that will operate 24/7, as and when you need them."
The 'CH2ARGE' system developed by AFC Energy is beguilingly straightforward. An alkaline fuel cell (or set of fuel cells) is connected to an inverter and a battery, via which it can charge electric vehicles using a CHAdeMO DC fast charger. It can switch on and off as required, putting any 'spare' electricity into its battery for later use, or exporting it to the grid.
It's a clean, efficient, scalable and practical solution to an expanding set of challenges. What's more, it can be built into a shipping container for quick and cheap deployment almost anywhere. The system is designed to operate on-grid, off-grid, or "near-grid", opening up the benefits of hydrogen power to a completely new range of consumers. But where does the actual hydrogen come from?
"You could take it in from an industrial gas company in cylinders," said Bond. "The infrastructure and logistics are already in place, so you could have that tomorrow. You can look at green ammonia; you can crack ammonia in to hydrogen and use that hydrogen to run your fuel cell. Or you can look at using surplus renewable energy using an electrolyser, which is the Scottish model.
"But they are the mainstream options. The hydrogen generation market is exponentially bigger than that in terms of the tech that is coming through, and we are positioning ourselves to access some of these upstream hydrogen generation techniques that will remove a lot of the cost from the conventional methods. Fundamentally you can create hydrogen in ways that are not currently done commercially, at costs that are lower than what is on the market today."
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/news/uk-firm-launches-fuel-cell-charge-point-electric-cars-will/
I suppose we ought to be grateful that they are honest about the huge problems of deploying grid power to charge EVs. 20 GW of extra capacity is much more than official projections suggest, and the problems only start there.
But having dug a dirty big hole, you don't try to make it even deeper!
Buy a hydrogen fuel cell charger, and then go and find your own hydrogen!
All you need is an industrial gas company down the road, or go and find some green ammonia to make your own. Oh, and a shipping container would also come in handy.
If these hydrogen fuel cells really were a cheaper way of providing electricity, we would already be using them in our homes.
EVs are an expensive and impractical answer to a non-existent problem. So, to get around that problem, we find an even more expensive and impractical answer.
And they call that progress.
You could not make it up.
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