Thursday, February 7, 2019

Non-reducible disulfide bond replacement implies that disulfide exchange is not required for hepcidin-ferroportin interaction

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00328B, Communication
Dong-Liang Huang, JingSi Bai, Meng Wu, Xia Wang, Bernd Riedl, Elisabeth Pook, Carsten Alt, Marion Erny, Yi-Ming Li, Donald Bierer, Jing Shi, Gemin Fang
Previous studies have led to opposing hypotheses about the requirement of intermolecular disulfide exchange in the binding of the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin to its receptor ferroportin. To clarify this...
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Toxicity and developmental effect of cucurbitacin E from Citrullus colocynthis L. (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) against Spodoptera litura Fab. and a non-target earthworm Eisenia fetida Savigny

Abstract

Pest management with natural botanical insecticides is a significant implementation for the sustainability of agroecosystem by reducing the unnecessary risk from the inputs of synthetic insecticides. In this research, we isolated the bioactive compound cucurbitacin E from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad, and their toxicological effects were screened against different larval instars of Spodoptera litura. The bioactive compound cucurbitacin E was chemically characterized through TLC, FT-IR, and NMR analyses. The larval mortality bioassay revealed that the larvae exposed to cucurbitacin E at the discriminating dose of 50 ppm display higher mortality rate against second (93.8%), third (86.4%), and fourth (73.2%) instar respectively. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) was detected as 15.84 and 67.60 ppm for third instar respectively. The sub-lethal concentration of cucurbitacin E (2, 4, and 6 ppm) intentionally altered the percentage of survival, pupation, fecundity, and egg hatchability of S. litura. Moreover, antifeedant activity of cucurbitacin E was analyzed using choice-based test. In addition, we found the toxic effects of cucurbitacin E (50 and 100 ppm) and chemical pesticides (cypermethrin and monocrotophos) against terrestrial beneficial earthworm Eisenia fetida, and the result revealed that cucurbitacin E has no harmful effect on non-target organism. Hence, the present study reveals that cucurbitacin E might be a part of a new biorational product alternative to synthetic pesticides.



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Modelling aggregate exposure to pesticides from dietary and crop spray sources in UK residents

Abstract

Human exposure to pesticide mixtures can occur from the diet and other sources. Realistic exposure and risk assessments should include multiple sources and compounds and include the relative hazards of the different compounds. The EU-funded Euromix project is developing new web-based tools to facilitate these calculations. A case study is presented that exemplifies their use for a population of UK residents, including exposure from crop-spraying. A UK pesticide usage survey provided information on real pesticide combinations applied to crops of wheat, potatoes, sugar beet and dessert apples. This information was combined with outputs from two alternative simulation models of spray drift to estimate dermal, oral and inhalation exposures of residents. These non-dietary exposures were combined with dietary exposure estimates using the Monte Carlo Risk Assessment software to produce a distribution of aggregated and cumulative exposures. Compounds are weighted by relative potency to generate a measure of overall risk. Uncertainty quantification was also included in the distribution of exposures. These tools are flexible to allow diverse sources of exposure and can provide important information to decision-makers and help to prioritise testing of pesticide mixtures. Including non-dietary sources changed the prioritisation of pesticide mixtures, when compared to dietary exposure alone.



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Study shows that Vikings enjoyed a warmer Greenland

192049_web-720x540.jpg

Public Release: 6-Feb-2019 Study shows that Vikings enjoyed a warmer Greenland Chemistry of bugs trapped in ancient lake sediment shows a warm climate at a key time in Greenland's history Northwestern University   EVANSTON, Ill. — A new study may resolve an old debate about how tough the Vikings actually were. Although TV and movies…

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Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticle as Multifaceted Probe for Tissue Imaging

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00356H, Communication
Yu Hong Cheng, Toby Siu-Chung Tam, Siu-Leung Chau, Samuel Kin-Man Lai, Ho-Wai Tang, Chun-Nam Lok, Ching-Wan Lam, Kwan-Ming Ng
The localized surface plasmon resonance property of gold nanoparticle enables its application as a versatile and sensitive imaging probe, with intense colour, enhanced fluorescence and strong MS ion intensity for...
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N-doped porous transition metal-based carbon nanosheet networks as multifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00391F, Communication
Jieting Ding, Shan Ji, Hui Wang, Hengjun Gai, Fusheng Liu, Bruno G. Pollet, Rongfang Wang
The development of cost-effective and highly efficient multi-functional oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalysts have attracted much research attention due to their great potential applications in many advanced...
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Homochiral Iron(II)-based metal-organic nanotubes: metamagnetism and selective nitric oxide adsorption in confined channel

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00506D, Communication
Jia-Ge Jia, Jian-Shen Feng, Xin-Da Huang, Song-Song Bao, Li-Min Zheng
Homochiral iron(II)-based nanotubular metal phosphonates (R)- and (S)-[Fe(pemp)(H2O)2] [pemp2- = (R)- or (S)-(1-phenylethylamino)methylphosphonate] are reported showing metamagnetism at low temperature. The dehydrated product features coordinatively unsaturated and redox-active metal ion...
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Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between phthalates exposure and insulin resistance

Abstract

This study aims to provide an overview of human studies on the association of exposure to phthalates and insulin resistance. We systematically searched human studies available until 15 January 2018.We conducted a literature search in Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Collaboration. We used the following keywords to identify relevant articles: "phthalate", "phthalate ester", "metabolic syndrome", "insulin resistance", "glucose intolerance", and "diabetes". For analyzing data, we conducted meta-analysis using the Stata software. We appraised each study to examine the sources of heterogeneity, including difference in clinical outcomes and exposure measurements. To determine the robustness and whether some of the factors have the highest impact on the results of the present meta-analysis, several sensitivity analyses were conducted. Sensitivity analysis showed that by removing studies with the highest weight and age groups, no change was observed in heterogeneity. Moreover, with excluding the study conducted in Europe, the results remained unchanged and constant. In addition, the funnel plot and Egger's tests were executed to access publication bias. Both the funnel plots and Egger's test did not show any evidence of publication bias (P = 0.31). In the random effects meta-analysis of all studies (n = 8), the pooled correlation coefficient between phthalate exposure and HOMA-IR was 0.10 (95% CI; 0.07–0.12, P < 0.001), with significant heterogeneity (P < 0.001, I2 = 85.5%). Our findings revealed positive association between exposure to phthalate metabolites and increased HOMA-IR; this association remained significant even after adjusting the analysis for multiple confounding variables.



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The Soros / Globalists vs Nationalist / Populist Split Hits France / Italy

France recalls their ambassador to Italy. Italy suggest the Yellow Vests dump Macron. Is it because France nationalized a failing shipyard... Continue reading

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Dual-Wavelength Lasing from Organic Dye Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework Microcrystals

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC10232E, Communication
Yue Zhang, Haiyun Dong, Yuan Liu, Chunhuan Zhang, Fengqin Hu, Yong Sheng Zhao
We demonstrate efficient and stable dual-wavelength microlasers fabricated by encapsulating different organic dyes into metal-organic framework (MOF) microcrystals. The intermolecular interactions between the organic dyes is suppressed effectively by spatial...
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Green New Deal: ‘This isn’t just radical socialism, this is madness’

Comments on 'Green New Deal' 'This isn't just radical socialism, this is madness' ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, IL (February 7, 2019) – Today, Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) released the outline of the "Green New Deal." The resolution calls for the United States to embark on a 10-year "economic mobilization" with the goal to "achieve…

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Preparation of montmorillonite grafted polyacrylic acid composite and study on its adsorption properties of lanthanum ions from aqueous solution

Abstract

Montmorillonite grafted polyacrylic acid composite (GNM) was prepared by using ultraviolet radiation grafting method in this work. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRF, SEM, FTIR, XRD, TG, and XPS. The experimental equilibrium data indicates that the adsorbent is suitable for the Langmuir model and belongs to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The entire adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic, and chaotically enhanced by thermodynamic analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of La(III) by GNM was 280.54 mg/g at 313.15 K. In addition, the regeneration experiment shows that the adsorbent has good reusability and stable desorption efficiency. This study demonstrates that GNM has high adsorption performance and La(III) adsorption and regeneration capabilities to solve the water pollution caused by rare earth ions and regeneration capabilities for La(III).



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Root uptake of atenolol, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine, and their transformation in three soils and four plants

Abstract

Soils can be contaminated by pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil conditions (influencing sorption and persistence of pharmaceuticals in soils) and plant type on the root uptake of selected pharmaceuticals and their transformation in plant-soil systems. Four plants (lamb's lettuce, spinach, arugula, radish) planted in 3 soils were irrigated for 20 days (26) with water contaminated by one of 3 pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, atenolol, sulfamethoxazole) or their mixture. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in soils and plant tissues were evaluated after the harvest. Sulfamethoxazole and atenolol dissipated rapidly from soils. The larger concentrations of both compounds and an atenolol metabolite were found in roots than in leaves. Sulfamethoxazole metabolites were below the limits of quantifications. Carbamazepine was stable in soils, easily uptaken, accumulated, and metabolized in plant leaves. The efficiency of radish and arugula (both family Brassicaceae) in metabolizing was very low contrary to the high and moderate efficiencies of lamb's lettuce and spinach, respectively. Compounds' transformations mostly masked the soil impact on their accumulation in plant tissues. The negative relationships were found between the carbamazepine sorption coefficients and its concentrations in roots of radish, lamb's lettuce, and spinach.



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PROPONENTS OF GREEN NEW DEAL STRUGGLE TO EXPLAIN PHASE-OUT OF COMBUSTION ENGINE

http://bit.ly/2HXUAop Kerry Picket By The Green New Deal championed by Democratic New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez officially rolled out Thursday afternoon, but some proponents of the bill appeared unable to explain how commercial and private air travel will survive, should the legislation ever become successful. (RELATED: Does Ocasio-Cortez's Green New Deal Outlaw Every Building In The Country?) Ocasio-Cortez's Green [...]

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GHCN Global Thermometers -Sine Globe with Labels

I said I'd post an updated version with labels and heading, and minus the gratuitous white border you get by default. Well, here it is: I'm now using IDLE so that I can save the text of programs between runs … Continue reading

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Multiple Reasons to Dismiss Kid’s Lawsuit

A monkey wrench in the Works.

Previous posts have followed the twists and turns of the lawsuit Juliana vs. US, initiated and funded by Our Children's Trust.  In November the Supreme Court signaled their desire that lower courts rein in the scope of the lawsuit.  The District Court backed off and now the Ninth Circuit Court will take up the appeal in advance of any trial activity.

The latest development is the US government (the Appellant) making its initial filing Feb. 1, 2019, now available for public scrutiny.

The document is Appellants' Opening Brief Excerpt in italics with my bolds.

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT

The district court first erred when it denied the government's motion to dismiss this action. It erred again when it denied the government's motions for judgment on the pleadings and for summary judgment. This Court should reverse for any of the following independent reasons:

1. Plaintiffs cannot establish any of the three requirements for Article III standing. Plaintiffs have only a generalized grievance and not the required particularized injury because global climate change affects everyone in the world. They cannot demonstrate causation because climate change stems from a complex, world-spanning web of actions across all fields of human endeavor, and Plaintiffs cannot plausibly connect their narrow asserted injuries — like flooding or drought in their neighborhoods — to any particular conduct by the government. In addition, Plaintiffs' alleged injuries are not redressable because a single district judge may not (consistent with Article III and the equitable authority of federal courts) seize control of national energy production, energy consumption, and transportation in the ways that would be required to implement Plaintiffs' demanded remedies.

Separate and apart from Plaintiffs' failure to satisfy the three standing requirements, this action is fundamentally not a case or controversy under Article III. Plaintiffs did not ask the district court to resolve anything resembling the kind of dispute that gave rise to jurisdiction at common law or the adoption of Article III; Plaintiffs instead asked the district court to review all of the representative branches' programs and regulatory decisions relating to climate change over the past several decades and then pass upon their constitutionality in the aggregate. No federal court has the power to perform such a sweeping policy review, and no federal court has ever done anything close to what Plaintiffs seek here.

2. Plaintiffs have failed to pursue any claim under the APA or any other remedial scheme established by Congress for review of federal agency action or inaction. At its core, Plaintiffs' action challenges a vast number of federal agency actions and inactions, yet Plaintiffs have refused to comply with the requirements of the APA. Plaintiffs may not circumvent Congress's considered judgment to channel such challenges through the APA by asserting a right to proceed directly under the Constitution or the courts' equitable authority; the existence of the APA forecloses those potential causes of action.

3. Even if Plaintiffs could satisfy the foregoing threshold requirements, their constitutional claims are baseless and must be dismissed. Plaintiffs' alleged fundamental right to a "livable climate" finds no basis in this Nation's history or tradition and is not even close to any other fundamental right recognized by the Supreme Court. Plaintiffs' reliance on the state-created danger exception is also misplaced; there is no reason to extend that narrow doctrine to these circumstances. Plaintiffs' equal protection and Ninth Amendment claims are also meritless.

4. Finally, there is no federal public trust doctrine that binds the federal government. Even if such a doctrine did apply to the federal government, any common-law federal public trust doctrine is displaced by statute. In any event, the atmosphere is not within any public trust. The orders of the district court should be reversed, and this case should be remanded with instructions to dismiss the complaint.

Summary:

What a concept!  Let's have judges decide national energy policy.  And when the economy fails because energy supply is too expensive and unreliable, will the black robes be accountable to the public?  Nope.  And let's turn a courtroom over to members of a doomsday cult for 50 days so they can persuade the public of their beliefs and fears. Even worse idea. Let's hope even the Ninth Circuit can see the folly in this proceeding.

For background on the lawsuit see:  Supremes Kick Kids Lawsuit Down the Road

For background on the false GHG Endangerment Finding see: GHGs Endangerment? Evidence?

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Britain’s Reliance On Gas

By Paul Homewood

 

image

http://gridwatch.co.uk/

 

 

While gas was responsible for nearly half of all electricity generated last month, we must not lose sight of its contribution to the rest of the energy that we rely on.

Official data for overall gas consumption in Q1 won't be available for a couple of months yet, but at this time last year total gas demand in Q1 amounted to 312 TWh, about four times that used for electricity:

 

image

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/gas-section-4-energy-trends

 

And that was only the figure for the quarter as a whole. Demand would have peaked much higher during the coldest weather, and at certain times of the day.

To get an idea of these peaks, take a look at this graph from Imperial College:

 

image_thumb80

https://notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com/2016/09/12/oxburghs-ccs-illusion/

 

They reckoned that demand for gas, including for electricity, peaks at around 350 GW during winter. In comparison, electricity demand peaks at around 50 GW.



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PAGES2K (2017): Antarctic Proxies

al-gore.jpg?w=300&h=173&is-pending-load=

Reposted from Climate Audit by Steve McIntyre A common opinion (e,g, Scott Adams) is that the "other proxies", not just Mann's stripbark bristlecone tree rings, establish Hockey Stick. In today's post, I'll look at PAGES2K Antarctic data – a very important example since Antarctic isotope data (Vostok) is used in the classic diagram used by…

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Climate change poses greater risk of mental health challenges for children born to depressed mothers

Public Release: 6-Feb-2019 The Graduate Center, CUNY New York, February 6, 2019 – Climate change poses an exponentially greater risk for mental health problems in children born to mothers with prenatal depression who also experience natural disaster-related stress. That is the message of a new study of infants born to New York City mothers shortly…

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[ASAP] Extrinsic and Dynamic Edge States of Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites

TOC Graphic

ACS Nano
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07631
ancac3?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Electronic Structure Effects in the Coupling of a Single Molecule with a Plasmonic Antenna

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11872
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] In Situ Studies of the Electrochemical Reduction of a Supported Ultrathin Single-Crystalline RuO2(110) Layer in an Acidic Environment

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10741
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Interfacial Diels–Alder Reaction between Furan-Functionalized Polymer Coatings and Maleimide-Terminated Poly(ethylene glycol)

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10533
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Active Surface Species Ruling Product Selectivity in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction over Pt- or Co-Promoted TiO2

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10814
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Halogen Substituent Effects on Concentration-Controlled Self-Assembly of Fluorenone Derivatives: Halogen Bond versus Hydrogen Bond

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12176
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Quantum Chemical Study on the High-Pressure Effect for [4 + 4] Retrocycloaddition of Anthracene Cyclophane Photodimer

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10825
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Determination of the Exact Microporous Volume and BET Surface Area in Hierarchical ZSM-5

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11524
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Effect of Sr Substitution in LaMnO3(100) on Catalytic Conversion of Acetic Acid to Ketene and Combustion-Like Products

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10921
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Impurities Limit the Capacitance of Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12031
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Superstructures on Epitaxial Fe3O4(111) Films: Biphase Formation versus the Degree of Reduction

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11400
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Zn3P2 Twinning Superlattice Nanowires Grown on Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass Substrates

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00190
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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Cadmium level in brain correlates with memory impairment in F1 and F2 generation mice: improvement with quercetin

Abstract

The increased exposure to cadmium (Cd) through environmental pollutants, food and cigarette smoke is a concern worldwide. The association of Cd with impaired learning disabilities led us to hypothesise that cadmium levels in brain tissue could be dose-dependently related to the extent of memory impairment and oxidative stress. In this study, we proposed to study whether cadmium exposure to dams could alter the brain Cd levels, memory parameters, antioxidant enzymes in brain and their gene expression in the F1-F2 generation mice and whether quercetin could modulate this effect. Animals were administered Cd alone and in combination with quercetin for 7 days during their gestation period. Their newborn pups (F1 and F2 mice) were reared until adulthood and were tested for memory using Morris water maze and step-down latency test. The brain tissue of F1 mice was collected. Cd levels were estimated using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. G-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity were measured and fold increase in their respective gene expression was observed using the RT-PCR method. Cd levels were significantly increased in the brain tissue of animals exposed to Cd but cotreatment with quercetin showed decreased levels in both generations. Memory impairment was observed in animals of F1 generation exposed to Cd and cotreatment with quercetin (100 mg/kg) reversed this effect. Cd exposure significantly enhanced both activity and expression of GST and CAT in the brain tissue of F1 generation mice and quercetin attenuated this effect. In F2 generation, results were variable. GST activity and expression increased with Cd and decreased with quercetin cotreatment. However, CAT activity showed no significant change despite a decrease in gene expression. Quercetin cotreatment enhanced activity as well gene expression in F2 generation. Our study insinuates that Cd levels could act as a predictor of memory impairment and altered enzyme activity and gene expression in brain tissue. Quercetin helped to reduce Cd levels in brain tissue of F1 and F2 generation and modulated the antioxidant system of the cell by affecting expression of antioxidant enzymes at the transcription level.



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Combustion and emission characteristics for a marine low-speed diesel engine with high-pressure SCR system

Abstract

In order to avoid the production of sulfates and nitrates in marine diesel engines that burn sulfur-containing fuels, the operating temperature of their high-pressure selective catalytic reduction (HP-SCR) systems should be higher than 320 °C. For marine low-speed diesel engines, only the pre-turbine exhaust gas temperature can meet this requirement under specific conditions, with the main engine modulation method helping to increase the exhaust gas temperature. However, the main engine modulation method brings down the power output and fuel economy of the main engine and causes the matching problem of the turbine and the other devices with the main engine. The original engine model of the marine low-speed diesel engine and the high-pressure SCR system configuration model have been constructed using one-dimensional simulation software. In addition, the performance of the high-pressure SCR system under the conditions of low-sulfur and high-sulfur exhaust gas was thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, the two main engine modulation schemes of the scavenging bypass and the turbine exhaust bypass of the original engine matching with the high-pressure SCR system were studied. The study found that the weighted average value of the NOx under the condition of low-sulfur exhaust gas met with the requirement of the IMO Tier III regulations when the low-speed diesel engine was matched with the high-pressure SCR system. However, the weighted average value of the NOx under the condition of high-sulfur exhaust gas was slightly higher than that required by the IMO Tier III regulation. In addition, the optimal main engine modulation scheme for this low-speed diesel engine was clarified by comparing the effects of the scavenging bypass and the turbine exhaust bypass modulation on the exhaust performance, and the working performance of the original engine. With an opening of 0.4 of the CBV valve under 25% engine load, the weighted average NOx of the original exhaust gas was 3.38 g/(kW·h), the power had decreased by 0.7%, and the fuel consumption had increased by 1.0%. Furthermore, when the EGB valve opening was 0.3, the weighted average value of NOx was 3.31 g/(kW·h), the power had reduced by 2.4% and the fuel consumption had increased by 2.5%. Both modulation scheme methods made the exhaust performance of the original engine meet the requirements of the IMO Tier III emission regulations, but the scavenging bypass modulation scheme had less impact on the original engine's performance.



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Enhanced performance of alkali-modified Bi 2 WO 6 /Bi 0.15 Ti 0.85 O 2 toward photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO under visible light

Abstract

Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered as one of the promising ways to resolve indoor air HCHO pollution. TiO2 has been well known as the most extended application in photocatalysis due to its strong oxidizing ability and stability. Owing to high activity under visible light irradiation, TiO2 and Bi2O3 doping mixed with Bi2WO6 was analyzed in this study. The formation of two kinds of heterojunction caused efficient charge separation, leading to the effective reduction in the recombination of photo-generated electron and hole. The special structure and enhanced performance of these catalysts were analyzed. For the first time, the loading of alkali salts was researched for photocatalytic oxidation. In order to understand the reaction mechanism of alkali salts enhanced effects, the catalysts were investigated by using BET, XRD, UV–Vis, FT-IR, SEM, and XPS. The results found more than 2 wt% of Na2SO4 loading and the mixed methods with different solutions were key factors affecting the performance of catalysts. Nearly 92% HCHO conversion could be completed over Bi2WO6/Bi0.15Ti0.85O2 (Na2SO4), and the concentration of HCHO was only 0.07 mg/m3 for 24 h, which was below the limit of specification in China. The results also indicated that the solution mixing method was more favorable to increase the HCHO conversion due to decrease the size of Bi0.15Ti0.85O2 particles. The catalysts with Na2SO4 loading provided more surface-adsorbed oxygen that facilitated the desorption of CO2 and markedly increased the photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO.

Graphical abstract

Plausible mechanism over W-Bi2WO6/ Bi0.15Ti0.85O2-Na2SO4 (1:4) catalysts


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Influence of the residence time of street trees and their soils on trace element contamination in Paris (France)

Abstract

With the actual increasing interest for urban soils, the evaluation of soil contamination by trace elements and the dynamics of this contamination appear mandatory to preserve plant and thereby human health. Street trees and the associated soil placed in pits located nearby roads could represent convenient indicators of urban and vehicle traffic influences on soils and plants. However, data on these soils remain scarce, many studies investigating park soils rather than street tree soils. Furthermore, trace elements could be one of the main factors causing the observed urban tree decline, while practitioners more and more question the possible reuse of these soils after the death of trees as well as tree litter collected in the streets. We evaluated the contamination in anthropogenic trace elements (TE), namely Zn, Pb, and Cd, of street trees (Tilia tomentosa) and their soils distributed all over Paris (France). Street tree soils are imported from rural areas at the plantation of each new tree so that tree age corresponds to the time of residence of the soil within an urban environment allowing the evaluation of temporal trends on TE concentration in soils and trees. The TE concentration revealed an important soil pollution, especially for the older soils (mean age of 80 years old). The consideration of the residence time of trees and soils in an urban environment evidenced an accumulation of Zn and Pb (ca. 4.5 mg kg−1 year−1 and 4 mg kg−1 year−1 for Zn and Pb, respectively). However, leaf concentrations in TE were low and indicate that soil-root transfer was not significant compared to the contamination by atmospheric deposition. These results underlined the necessity to deepen the evaluation of the recycling of urban soils or plants submitted to urban contamination.



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Purification of water contaminated with Hg using horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands

Abstract

As a global pollutant, Hg (Hg) since the turn of the last century has received increased attention. Decreasing the emission of Hg into the food chain and the atmosphere is an effective way to reduce the Hg damage. The current study provided information about pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) to remove different Hg species in polluted water. Synthetic wastewater was fed to two HSSF CWs, one was planted with Acorus calamus L and the other was unplanted as a control. The total Hg (THg), dissolved Hg (DHg), and particulate Hg (PHg) from five sites along the HSSF CWs were analyzed to describe the process of Hg removal. Results show that the CWs have high removal efficiency of Hg which is more than 90%. The removal efficiencies of THg and DHg from the unplanted CW were 92.1 ± 3.6% and 72.4 ± 13.1%, respectively. While, the removal efficiencies of THg and DHg in planted CW were 95.9 ± 7.5% and 94.9 ± 4.9%, which were higher than that in blank CW. The PHg was mainly removed in the first quarter of the CWs, which was also revealed by the partition coefficient Kd. To a certain extent, the effect of plants depends on the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results in the current study show the potential of the HSSF-CWs for restoration from Hg-contaminated water.



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Control of NO x emissions by air staging in small- and medium-scale biomass pellet boilers

Abstract

The effect of air staging strategies on NOx control was investigated on a 210-kW small-scale biomass boiler (SBB) and a 1.4-MW medium-scale biomass boiler (MBB). Considering the de-NOx effect, as well as the convenience and economy for future wide use, the structures of the secondary air duct and the fuel feed tube were innovatively designed to solve the problems of the traditional prototype. The preliminary experiment showed that the lowest NOx emission was achieved when the air excess (ε) was equal to 2.04. Then, additional operating modes were conducted on the MBB to further optimize the air staging strategies. The optimal air staging strategy of the MBB (the secondary to primary air flow ratio (λ) and the ε were equal to 0.13 and 0.76, respectively) could decrease the NOx emission from 338.12 to 148.14 mg/m3. Furthermore, the SO2 emissions and the lowest NOx emission of the SBB and the MBB could meet most emission standards of China and some developed countries. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and combustion characteristics of the wood fuel showed that the air staging was a suitable de-NOx technology for wood combustion, and the slagging was less likely to occur under the selected condition. Hence, the air staging technology was an effective and low-cost method for the emission reduction of biomass boilers. This study provided a practical basis for future research on the gas emission control of biomass boilers.



from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TCuPLZ

Study of MoO 3 -γAl 2 O 3 catalysts behavior in selective catalytic reduction of SO 2 toxic gas to sulfur with CH 4

Abstract

In the present study, a detailed investigation was carried out on MoO3 alumina-supported catalysts behavior in selective catalytic reduction of SO2 to sulfur with CH4. At first, four different molybdenum catalysts with weight rates of 0, 5, 10, and 15 were impregnated on γ-alumina to be characterized using XRD, SEM, BET, BJH, and N2 adsorption. Then, to find the most active catalyst, temperature dependency test was performed on all of the prepared catalysts and the result representing Al2O3-Mo10 as the best catalyst. In next step, the effects of feed gas composition, space velocity, and long-term activity, as an important industrial factor, were tested on Al2O3-Mo10. It was revealed instantaneously from the beginning, MoO3 specie started to convert mainly into MoS2 and MoO2, and a minor part into Mo2C, which is terminated after 750 min achieving a stable condition. Thereafter, SO2 conversion and sulfur selectivity increased from 85.8 to 89.4% and 99.4 to 99.7%, respectively. XRD graph of the used catalyst and TPO thermogravimetric/mass-spectra proved possible happening of the proposed mechanism in long-term activity. At the end, mean activation energy was determined based on Arrhenius model in temperature range of 550 to 800 °C, with a value of 0.33 eV for Al2O3-Mo10.



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[ASAP] Stoichiometric Control over Ferroic Behavior in Ba(Ti1–Fe)O3 Nanocrystals

TOC Graphic

Chemistry of Materials
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04447
cmatex?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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