Assessing climate change impacts on pearl millet under arid and semi-arid environments using CSM-CERES-Millet model

Abstract

Climate change adversely affects food security all over the world, especially in developing countries where the increasing population is confronting food insecurity and malnutrition. Crop models can assist stakeholders for assessment of climate change in current and future agricultural production systems. The aim of this study was to use of system analysis approach through CSM-CERES-Millet model to quantify climate change and its impact on pearl millet under arid and semi-arid climatic conditions of Punjab, Pakistan. Calibration and evaluation of CERES-Millet were performed with the field observations for pearl millet hybrid 86M86. Mid-century (2040–2069) climate change scenarios for representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were generated based on an ensemble of selected five general circulation models (GCMs). The model was calibrated with optimum treatment (15-cm plant spacing and 200 kg N ha⁻¹) using field observations on phenology, growth and grain yield. Thereafter, pearl millet cultivar was evaluated with remaining treatments of plant spacing and nitrogen during 2015 and 2016 in Faisalabad and Layyah. The CERES-Millet model was calibrated very well and predicted the grain yield with 1.14% error. Model valuation results showed that there was a close agreement between the observed and simulated values of grain yield with RMSE ranging from 172 to 193 kg ha⁻¹. The results of future climate scenarios revealed that there would be an increase in T_min (2.8 °C and 2.9 °C, respectively, for the semi-arid and arid environment) and T_max (2.5 °C and 2.7 °C, respectively, for the semi-arid and arid environment) under RCP4.5. For RCP8.5, there would be an increase of 4 °C in T_min for the semi-arid and arid environment and an increase of 3.7 °C and 3.9 °C in T_max, respectively, for the semi-arid and arid environment. The impacts of climate changes showed that pearl millet yield would be reduced by 7 to 10% under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 in Faisalabad and 10 to 13% in Layyah under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 for mid-century. So, CSM-CERES-Millet is a useful tool in assessing the climate change impacts.

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UMass Amherst geoscientists reconstruct ‘eye-opening’ 900-year Northeast climate record

Just a single study.  Just a single location.  Just a single technique.  Importance TBD~ctm From EurekAlert!    Link to study and excerpts below press release. Geoscientists at UMass Amherst have reconstructed the longest and highest-resolution climate record for the northeastern United States University of Massachusetts at Amherst Doctoral students Daniel Miller, in the water, with Helen…

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Discovery, absolute assignments, and total synthesis of asperversiamides A–C and their potent activity against Mycobacterium marinum

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09347D, Communication

Xue-Mei Hou, Ting-Mei Liang, Zhi-Yong Guo, Chang-Yun Wang, Chang-Lun Shao
Integrating molecular networking and ¹H NMR techniques successfully enabled the discovery of three new cycloheptapeptides, asperversiamides A–C (1–3).
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Ratiometric temperature sensing with fluorescent thermochromic switches

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09482A, Communication

Mercedes M. A. Mazza, Francesca Cardano, Janet Cusido, James D. Baker, Silvia Giordani, Françisco M. Raymo
The equilibration of two interconverting species with resolved emission translates into ratiometric fluorescence response to temperature.
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Double signal amplification through a functionalized nanoporous Au–Ag alloy microwire and Au nanoparticles: development of an electrochemical ˙OH sensor based on a self-assembled layer of 6-(ferrocenyl)hexanethiol

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC08420C, Communication

Dongyang Wang, Bintong Huang, Yingchun Li
Novel electrochemical sensors were developed based on a FcHT functionalized NPAMW and AuNPs for the analysis of ˙OH released from live cells.
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Construction of 2D g-C3N4 lateral-like homostructures and their photo- and electro-catalytic activities

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09633C, Communication

Xiao Zhang, Jean-Pierre Veder, Shuai He, San Ping Jiang
New g-C₃N₄ crystalline/amorphous lateral-like homostructures show excellent photocatalytic activity due to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers.
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A zeolite supramolecular framework with LTA topology based on a tetrahedral metal–organic cage

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC08965E, Communication

Hai-Xia Zhang, Xiaodong Yan, Yu-Xin Chen, Shu-Heng Zhang, Tao Li, Wang-Kang Han, Ling-Yu Bao, Rui Shen, Zhi-Guo Gu
A novel supramolecular framework featuring aluminosilicate Linde type A zeolite topology was assembled by using Fe₄ coordination cages as building blocks.
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B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed redox-neutral β-alkylation of tertiary amines using p-quinone methides via borrowing hydrogen

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09215J, Communication

Rui Li, Yong Chen, Kun Jiang, Feiyi Wang, Cuifen Lu, Junqi Nie, Zuxing Chen, Guichun Yang, Ying-Chun Chen, Yu Zhao, Chao Ma
A transition metal-free intermolecular redox-neutral β-alkylation of acyclic tertiary amines via borrowing hydrogen catalyzed by commercially available B(C₆F₅)₃ was achieved.
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A smart perylene derived photosensitizer for lysosome-targeted and self-assessed photodynamic therapy

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09396B, Communication

Niu Niu, Huipeng Zhou, Ning Liu, Hong Jiang, Ejaz Hussain, Zhenzhen Hu, Cong Yu
A perylene probe PC4 is explored as a dual-function photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and self-assessment imaging.
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A safe and efficacious Pt(II) anticancer prodrug: design, synthesis, in vitro efficacy, the role of carrier ligands and in vivo tumour growth inhibition

Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC06586A, Communication

Pradip Kumar Dutta, Rupali Sharma, Smita Kumari, Ravindra Dhar Dubey, Sujit Sarkar, Justin Paulraj, Gonela Vijaykumar, Manoj Pandey, L. Sravanti, Mallik Samarla, Hari Sankar Das, Yashpal, Heeralal B., Ravinder Goyal, Nimish Gupta, Swadhin K. Mandal, Aniruddha Sengupta, Arindam Sarkar
A new Pt(II) prodrug, developed by a combined drug development approach.
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Finally, Fusion Power Is About to Become a Reality

A very optimistic story from Medium. It's long so I'm posting only a small excerpt.~ctm   Long considered a joke, or a pipe dream, fusion is suddenly making enormous leaps Brian Bergstein Jan 3 The idea first lit up Dennis Whyte when he was in high school, in the remote reaches of Saskatchewan, Canada, in…

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Nanodendritic Gold/Graphene-Based Biosensor for Tri-Mode miRNA Sensing

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09586H, Communication

Yongchao Song, Tailin Xu, Li-Ping Xu, Xueji Zhang
Nanodendritic gold/graphene-based biosensor that can perform fluorescence, SERS and electrochemistry tri-mode miRNA detection in single microdroplet has been presented. Such biosensor successfully performed the tri-mode quantitative trace miRNA-375 detection, which...
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Hierarchical CoS2/Ni3S2/CoNiOx Nanorods with Favorably Stability at 1 A cm−2 for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09104H, Communication

Husileng Lee, Xiujuan Wu, Qilun Ye, Xingqiang Wu, Xiaoxiao Wang, Yimeng Zhao, Licheng Sun
Herein, we reported a facile synthesized CoS2/Ni3S2/CoNiOx water oxidation catalyst with excellent catalytic activity and superior durability. The as-prepared catalyst required overpotential (η) as low as 256 mV to drive...
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Mechanised Lubricating Silica Nanoparticles for On-Command Cargo Release on Simulated Surface of Joint Cavity

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC10069A, Communication

Xiaolong Tan, Yulong Sun, Tao Sun, Hongyu Zhang
We describe a type of supramolecular host-guest functioned silica nanoparticles activated by energy conversion from the joint movement. High coefficient of friction from damaged joints causes more energy conversion to...
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2-D assembly of Supramolecular Nanoarchitectures on Mg(0001)

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC08565J, Communication

Daniel E. Hurtado Salinas, Fernando Cometto, Bart Stel , Klaus Kern, Magalí Lingenfelder
In this work a Mg(0001) single crystal is used as a novel template to grow 2D supramolecular nano-architectures. By using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and high-resolution X-ray photoe-mission spectroscopy (HR-XPS)...
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Combined influence of external nitrogen and soil contact on plant residue decomposition and indications from stable isotope signatures

Abstract

External nitrogen (N) supply has been testified to exert important impacts on plant residue decomposition. The influence of N may be interactive with soil contact in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the joint mechanisms of decomposition of plant residues driven by soil contact and N addition remain incomplete. Using contrasting residues, including needles of Chinese fir (Cuninghamia lanceolata) (Cl) (relatively hard to degrade) vs. leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla) (Eu) (relatively easy to degrade), a full factorial experiment was conducted by 360-day experiment to investigate the combined effect of N addition and soil contact on residue decay. As the microbe-manipulated decomposition could leave an imprint on the residue carbon (C) and N stable isotope, variations of the two signatures (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were synchronously monitored. Our results firstly showed that added N sped up initial decomposition, while it played an opposite role in subsequent stage, and soil contact always stimulated decay. Under soil contact condition, we found a markedly more accelerating effect of N addition on decay of Cl than without soil contact. Linking with residue N dynamics, we thought that although N immobilized from soil could not completely meet microbial needs for decay of Cl, this N limitation was just relieved by added N, leading to this synergistic effect. At late decay stage, the N inhibiting influence was partly offset under soil contact condition, and this phenomenon was more dramatic for Eu. Our results lastly revealed that the ¹³C and ¹⁵N signatures mirrored and explained the underlying mechanisms of the above interactions. Overall, we concluded that external N and soil contact could interactively affect decay, depending on plant residue decomposability. These results would be used to accurately predict C sequestration for terrestrial ecosystems under heightened N scenario in the future.

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Effects of dietary fluoranthene on nymphs of Blaptica dubia S. (Blattodea: Blaberidae)

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants which exert detrimental effects on living beings. Considering the health risk associated with exposure to these pollutants, their presence in food increases efforts to establish early-warning indicators of pollution. We aimed to examine the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoranthene (0.2 ng and 18 ng/g dry weight of diet) on the activities of midgut antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in Blaptica dubia. Significant changes of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, recorded at the higher fluoranthene concentration regardless of the exposure time, suggest that they may be used as biomarkers of PAH pollution. Increased GST activity and decreased total GSH content, detected upon acute exposure to the lower concentration, indicate processes of detoxification. Reorganization of B. dubia mechanisms of defense in response to oxidative stress caused by exposure to dietary PAH point to the necessity for further examination of fluoranthene actions.

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Real-time monitoring and quantification of organic by-products and mechanism study of acetone decomposition in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Abstract

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) degradation of low-concentration acetone was investigated in a cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge reactor. The effects of oxygen content and flow rate on the removal efficiency at various discharge powers were examined in real-time. The acetone removal efficiency decreases drastically and then remains stable or increases gradually as the O₂ content increases from 0 to 25%, and further to 50%. The organic by-products were characterized and quantified using a real-time proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) instrument. The observed organic compounds, with concentrations about ppbv/ppmv by volume, were mainly formaldehyde, methanol, ketene, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, and acetic acid. The discharge power was a critical factor affecting the concentration of the organic by-products and the selectivity toward CO₂. The mechanism study based on the by-product monitor in real-time showed that acetone firstly fragments into methyl radicals, acetyl radicals, and H; then, the methyl and acetyl radicals are oxidized by O or OH radicals into acetaldehyde, methanol, and other compounds. It seems that acetaldehyde could be an intermediate in acetone decomposition. Firstly, most of the acetone molecules were decomposed into acetaldehyde molecules; then, the acetaldehyde molecules continued to be decomposed and oxidized into other compounds, such as acetic acid and formaldehyde. These investigations not only proposed a detail decomposition mechanism for acetone in dielectric barrier discharge reactor, but also provided a potential way to analyze and evaluate the practicability of NTP removal of VOCs.

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A Sea-Surface Temperature Picture Worth a Few Hundred Words!

We covered this paper when it was first released, here is some commentary on it – Anthony Guest essay by By PATRICK J. MICHAELS On January 7 a paper by Veronika Eyring and 28 coauthors, titled "Taking Climate Model Evaluation to the Next Level" appeared in Nature Climate Change, Nature's  journal devoted exclusively to this one obviously under-researched subject. For years,…

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Coordination microparticle vaccine engineered from tumor cell templates

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC10004G, Communication

xiaoli wang, Jiayi Liang, Chuangnian Zhang, Guilei Ma, Chun Wang, Deling Kong
Encapsulation of individual tumor cell with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-Al(III) coordination layer was developed and used as potential tumor vaccines. The interaction between microparticles vaccines and dendritic cells was investigated in vitro....
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Novel Thermo-responsive Multiblock Architecture Composed of Sequential Peptide and Amino Acid-derived Vinyl Polymer: Toward Protein-mimicking Single-chain Folding

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09051C, Communication

Shin-nosuke Nishimura, Nobuyuki Higashi, Tomoyuki Koga
A novel multiblock architecture composed of alternating β-sheet forming oligopeptide and thermo-responsive glycine-derived vinyl polymer was synthesized. The polymer exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in water, unlike the...
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[ASAP] Translation of a Polar Biogenesis Proposal into a Radical Synthetic Approach: Synthesis of Pleurocin A/Matsutakone and Pleurocin B

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13356

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Shutdown Demonstrates How “Vital” Government Scientists Are… NOT

  Guest laugh by David Middleton The laugh is the fact that an article demonstrating the nonessential nature of government scientists, is titled "The Shutdown Shows Just How Vital Government Scientists Are"… ERIC NIILER SCIENCE 01.08.19 THE SHUTDOWN SHOWS JUST HOW VITAL GOVERNMENT SCIENTISTS ARE   INSTEAD OF FIGURING out how many Pacific hake fishermen…

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[ASAP] Stereoselective Assembly of Gigantic Chiral Molybdenum Blue Wheels Using Lanthanide Ions and Amino Acids

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09750

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[ASAP] Shape-Persistent Actuators from Hydrazone Photoswitches

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11558

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[ASAP] Polyoxometalate–Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Frameworks: From Tunable Structure to Customized Storage Functionality

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11998

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[ASAP] Nanolongan with Multiple On-Demand Conversions for Ferroptosis–Apoptosis Combined Anticancer Therapy

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05602

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[ASAP] Fluorescent Self-Healing Carbon Dot/Polymer Gels

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07087

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[ASAP] Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water Using Fluorene and Dibenzothiophene Sulfone-Conjugated Microporous and Linear Polymers

Chemistry of Materials

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02833

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[ASAP] Machine Learning Constrained with Dimensional Analysis and Scaling Laws: Simple, Transferable, and Interpretable Models of Materials from Small Datasets

Chemistry of Materials

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02837

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