Monday, May 9, 2022

Microbiota and HPV: the role of viral infection on vaginal microbiota

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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of Human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection is between 9 and 13 % of the world population and only in the United States (USA), more than 6.2 million are positive every year. There are more than 100 types of HPV, among them, two serotypes (16 and 18) are related to 70% of cervical cancers and pre-cancerous cervical lesions. The vaginal microbiota could play a considerable role in HPV infection and the genesis of cervical tumors caused by HPV. Moreover, bacteria are strongly associated with vaginal inflammation and oncogenic mutations in human cells. We aim to investigate if HPV infection could influence the bacterial microbiota composition in the uterine cervix. A total of 31 women were enrolled in this study. The vaginal swabs had been collected; the HPV-DNA was extracted with QIAamp DNA Microbiome. The V3-V4-V6 region of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followe d by sequencing with MiSeq Illumina. The main phylum identified in the vaginal microbiota were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The phylum of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroides was more represented in HPV positive patients. Lactobacilli represented the dominant genus, with a high percentage of L. iners, L. jensenii and L. crispatus as species. Gardnerella vaginalis, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp. and Atopobium were the most represented in HPV positive patients. An altered vaginal microbiota might play a functional role in HPV cervical infection, progression and clearance. The relationship between infection and microbiota could spur the development of new probiotic. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of the vaginal microbiota in HPV infection.

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Perceptions of NZ orthodontists and periodontists on the management of gingival recession in orthodontic patients

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ABSTRACT

Background

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and opinions of orthodontists and periodontists on the management of gingival recession in orthodontic patients.

Methods

An online survey was sent to 29 periodontists and 80 orthodontists registered and currently practising in New Zealand. All participants answered questions about the timing and clinical indications of mucogingival surgeries in orthodontic patients diagnosed with mucogingival deformities.

Results

Most periodontists and orthodontists believed that gingival grafts should ideally be performed after orthodontic treatment. In clinical practice, 40% of periodontists indicated that they would receive referrals after completion of orthodontic treatment. However, 29.6% of orthodontists indicated that they would refer to a periodontist before orthodontic treatment in clinical practice. The most crucial factor that affected periodontists' decision making was 'evidence-based guidelines' (35.0%), followed by 'clinical experience' (30.0%) and 'patient concerns' (15.0%). All four factors of 'gingival phenotype', 'presence of gingival recession', 'amount of keratinised tissue' and 'planning specific tooth movements' were equally considered by orthodontists regarding their decision-making.

Conclusions

The majority of the surveyed New Zealand periodontists and orthodontists expressed a belief that the ideal timing for the management of gingival recessions would be after the completion of orthodontic treatment. © 2022 Australian Dental Association.

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Identification of non-synonymous variations in ROBO1 and GATA5 genes in a family with bicuspid aortic valve disease

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Journal of Human Genetics, Published online: 09 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s10038-022-01036-x

Identification of non-synonymous variations in ROBO1 and GATA5 genes in a family with bicuspid aortic valve disease
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Avoidance of cutaneous adverse drug reactions induced by antiepileptic drugs based on pharmacogenomics

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Journal of Human Genetics, Published online: 09 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s10038-022-01040-1

Avoidance of cutaneous adverse drug reactions induced by antiepileptic drugs based on pharmacogenomics
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Synergistic antibacterial effects of low-intensity ultrasound and peptide LCMHC against Staphylococcus aureus

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Publication date: Available online 9 May 2022

Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology

Author(s): Zijin Yuan, Jude Juventus Aweya, Jian Li, Zhongyan Wang, Shiying Huang, Mingjing Zheng, Linfan Shi, Shanggui Deng, Shen Yang

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Particulate matter (PM10) induces in vitro activation of human neutrophils, and lung histopathological alterations in a mouse model

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