Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage: A nationwide observational study in Japan

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage: A nationwide observational study in Japan via Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery - Current Issue BACKGROUND Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), which is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide; however, its utility in the obstetrics setting remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to describe the characteristics, demographics, and mortality of patients with PPH who underwent REBOA. METHODS We used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database to identify patients with PPH who underwent REBOA from April 2012 to March 2020. We examined the patients' characteristics, interventions administered, and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS We identified 143 patients with PPH who underwent REBOA. The most common cause of PPH was atonic postpartum hemorrhage (52.4%), followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation (29.4%) and amniotic fluid embolism documented (11.2%). Among patients who delivered at hospitals in which REBOA was performed (n = 55), 38.2% of patients experienced preterm births, and 70.9% delivered via cesarean delivery. The proportion of patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization and hysterectomy was 53.8% and 16.1%, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 7.0%. CONCLUSION The results of the present study could be helpful in clinical decision making and providing patients and families with additional treatment options for PPH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV. View on Web

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Management of the open abdomen: A systematic review with meta-analysis and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Management of the open abdomen: A systematic review with meta-analysis and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma via Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery - Current Issue BACKGROUND Multiple techniques describe the management of the open abdomen (OA) and restoration of abdominal wall integrity after damage-control laparotomy (DCL). It is unclear which operative technique provides the best method of achieving primary myofascial closure at the index hospitalization. METHODS A writing group from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature regarding OA management strategies in the adult population after DCL. The group sought to understand if fascial traction techniques or techniques to reduce visceral edema improved the outcomes in these patients. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was utilized, meta-analyses were performed, and an evidence profile was generated. RESULTS Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, the use of fascial traction techniques was associated with improved primary myofascial closure during the index admission (relative risk, 0.32) and fewer hernias (relative risk, 0.11.) The use of fascial traction techniques did not increase the risk of enterocutaneous fistula formation nor mortality. Techniques to reduce visceral edema may improve the rate of closure; however, these studies were very limited and suffered significant heterogeneity. CONCLUSION We conditionally recommend the use of a fascial traction system over routine care when treating a patient with an OA after DCL. This recommendation is based on the benefit of improved primary myofascial closure without worsening mortality or enterocutaneous fistula formation. We are unable to make any recommendations regarding techniques to reduce visceral edema. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; Level IV. View on Web

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Association of trauma severity with antibody seroconversion in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A multicenter, prospective, observational study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Association of trauma severity with antibody seroconversion in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A multicenter, prospective, observational study via Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery - Current Issue BACKGROUND Heparin administration can induce the production of anti–platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies with platelet-activating properties, causing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Previous studies have suggested that trauma severity influences HIT immune responses, but their relationship has not been fully explained. This study aimed to clarify this association by multicenter prospective observational study. METHODS Trauma patients who met the criteria of age 18 years or older and Injury Severity Scores (ISSs) of ≥9 from March 2018 to February 2019 were included. Patients who did not receive any heparin and those who received it as flushes or for treatment were also included. Patients were divided into three groups based on trauma severity (to mild [ISS 9–15], moderate [ISS 16–24], and severe injury groups [ISS ≥25]) and were compared by the seroconversion time and rate, as well as the disappearance rate of antibodies on day 30. RESULTS A total of 184 patients were included: 55, 62, and 67 patients were classified into the mild, moderate, and severe injury groups, respectively. Overall, the seroconversion rates of anti-PF4/heparin immunoglobulin G (IgG) and HIT antibodies by washed platelet activation assay were 26.6% and 16.3%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the seroconversion rates of anti-PF4/heparin IgG (p = 0.016) and HIT antibodies (p = 0.046) among the groups. Seroconversion rates in both assays increased with increasing trauma severity. The time required to achieve seroconversion was similar (between 5 and 10 days of trauma onset) regardless of heparin administration. Anti-PF4/heparin IgG and HIT antibodies were no longer detected on day 30 in 28.6% and 60.9% of seroconverted patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Development of HIT antibodies was observed commonly in severely injured trauma patients. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibody development may be related to trauma severity, with a high disappearance frequency on day 30. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III. View on Web

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Hyperglycemia in nondiabetic adult trauma patients is associated with worse outcomes than diabetic patients: An analysis of 95,764 patients

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Hyperglycemia in nondiabetic adult trauma patients is associated with worse outcomes than diabetic patients: An analysis of 95,764 patients via Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery - Current Issue BACKGROUND The adverse impact of acute hyperglycemia is well documented but its specific effects on nondiabetic trauma patients are unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential impact of hyperglycemia on outcomes between diabetic and nondiabetic trauma inpatients. METHODS Adults admitted 2018 to 2019 to 46 Level I/II trauma centers with two or more blood glucose tests were analyzed. Diabetes status was determined from International Classification of Diseases—10th Rev.—Clinical Modification, trauma registry, and/or hemoglobin A1c greater than 6.5. Patients with and without one or more hyperglycemic result >180 mg/dL were compared. Logistic regression examined the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes on outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, Injury Severity Score, and body mass index. RESULTS There were 95,764 patients: 54% male; mean age, 61 years; mean Injury Severity Score, 10; diabetic, 21%. Patients with hyperglycemia had higher mortality and worse outcomes compared with those without hyperglycemia. Nondiabetic hyperglycemic patients had the highest odds of mortality (diabetic: adjusted odds ratio, 3.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.8–3.5; nondiabetics: adjusted odds ratio, 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 6.8–8.4). Hyperglycemic nondiabetics experienced worse outcomes on every measure when compared with nonhyperglycemic nondiabetics, with higher rates of sepsis (1.1 vs. 0.1%, p View on Web

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Surgical exploration for stable patients with penetrating cardiac box injuries: When and how? A cohort of 155 patients from Marseille area

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Surgical exploration for stable patients with penetrating cardiac box injuries: When and how? A cohort of 155 patients from Marseille area via Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery - Current Issue BACKGROUND The management of penetrating thoracic injuries in moribund or unstable patients is clearly described in contrast to that of stable patients, particularly for those with a cardiac box injury. This anatomic location suggests a potentially lethal cardiac injury and requires urgent therapeutic decision making. The present study aims at determining when surgical exploration is beneficial for stable patients presenting with penetrating cardiac box injuries (PCBIs). METHODS This was a retrospective study of stable civilian patients with PCBI referred to level I trauma centers in the Marseille area between January 2009 and December 2019. Using post hoc analysis of the management outcomes, patients whose surgery was considered therapeutic (group A) were compared with those whose surgery was considered nontherapeutic and with nonoperated patients (group B). RESULTS A total of 155 patients with PCBI were included, with 88% (n = 137) of stab wound injuries. Overall, surgical exploration was performed in 54% (n = 83), considered therapeutic in 71% (n = 59), and performed by video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery in 42% (n = 35) with a conversion rates of 14% (n = 5). Initial extended fast assessment with sonography for trauma revealed the presence of hemopericardium in 29% (n = 29) in group A versus 9.5% (n = 7) in group B, p = 0.010, and was associated with a negative predictive value of 93% regarding the presence of a cardiac injury. Chest tube flow was significantly higher in patients who required surgery, with a median (interquartile range) of 600.00 (350.00–1200.00) mL versus 300.0 (150.00–400.00) mL (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Extended fast assessment with sonography for trauma and chest tube flow are the cornerstones of the management of stable PCBI. Video-assisted thoracoscopy represents an interesting approach to check intrathoracic wounds while minimizing surgical morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV. View on Web

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Characterizing physical trauma in children and youth with special health care needs

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Characterizing physical trauma in children and youth with special health care needs via Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery - Current Issue BACKGROUND Children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) have or are at an increased risk for a chronic condition necessitating medical and related services beyond what children usually require. While evidence suggests that CYSHCN are at an increased risk of injury, little is known about this population within the trauma system. This study describes CYSHCN within the pediatric trauma system and examines patterns of injury risk (i.e., intent, place of injury, trauma type, and mechanism of injury) based on special health care need (SHCN) status. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we used data from the 2018 National Trauma Data Bank to identify pediatric encounters (1–18 years, N = 115,578) and compare demographics (sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and age) by CYSHCN status using χ2 and t tests. Children and youth with special health care needs encounters were compared with non-SHCN encounters using multinomial logistic regression models, controlling for demographics. RESULTS Overall, 16.7% pediatric encounters reported an SHCN. Children and youth with special health care needs encounters are older, and a higher proportion is publicly insured than non-SHCN encounters (p View on Web

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“The armor phenomenon” in obese patients with penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader "The armor phenomenon" in obese patients with penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis via Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery - Current Issue BACKGROUND Obesity represents a growing global health threat, which generally portends increased morbidity and mortality in the context of traumatic injuries. We hypothesized that there may exist a protective effect related to increased weight and truncal girth provided for obese patients in penetrating torso injuries, although this may not exert a significant positive impact overall upon clinical outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted across five databases up to March 2021 (Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane library) to examine the effect of obesity on penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries. The primary outcome was to determine the rate of nonsignificant injury and injury patterns. Secondary outcomes examined were lengths of stay, complications, and mortality. Comparisons were drawn by meta-analysis. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO under CRD42020216277. RESULTS There were 2,952 publications assessed with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria for review. Nine studies were included for quantitative analysis, including 5,013 patients sustaining penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries, of which 29.6% were obese. Obese patients that sustained stab injuries underwent more nontherapeutic operations. Obese patients that sustained gunshot injuries had longer intensive care and total hospital length of stay. Obese patients suffered more respiratory complications and were at an increased risk of death during their admission. CONCLUSION The "armor phenomenon" does not truly protect obese patients, a population that experiences increased morbidity and mortality following penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; Level IV. View on Web

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The relationship between sarcopenia, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty: making the case for proactive swallowing exercises to promote healthy aging

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The relationship between sarcopenia, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty: making the case for proactive swallowing exercises to promote healthy aging via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Published Ahead-of-Print Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence regarding the relationship between sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty in the context of aging. Further, this review will provide preliminary support for proactive swallowing exercises to reverse and/or prevent sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles. Recent findings Recent studies lend support to a cyclic relationship between sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty. Unfortunately, all studies are limited by their study design and lack instrumental imaging of swallowing function. Research (in the limbs) supports the use of proactive exercises and protein supplementation to reverse sarcopenia, especially in prefrail individuals. This provides a foundation to design and test similar preventive exercises for the swallowing muscles. Summary As the population is rapidly aging, it is vital to understand how the natural loss of muscle in aging impacts swallowing function and the downstream impact on nutritional and physical function. Prospective, longitudinal research with sophisticated outcome measures are required to fully understand this cycle and provide an opportunity to test methods for interrupting the cycle. View on Web

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Anterior cervical spine surgery and dysphagia

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Anterior cervical spine surgery and dysphagia via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Published Ahead-of-Print Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence regarding dysphagia in anterior cervical spine surgeries (ACSS) and to present recent advances in evaluation and surgical technique. Recent findings Various risk factors for dysphagia have been identified, and they include female sex, smoking history, prior surgery and cervical lordotic angle. EAT-10 is a validated tool for the assessment of individuals with dysphagia post-ACSS. Local intraoperative corticosteroid application significantly reduced the incidence and magnitude of dysphagia in four out of five studies that were reviewed. Individuals who had undergone cervical disc replacement (CDR) and revision surgery by a zero-profile anchored spacer (ROI-C) device experienced less dysphagia than those who had anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF). Videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) after ACSS demonstrated pharyngeal weakness and increased posterior pharyngeal wall thickness, while no other abnormality was found. Summary Different technique variations can reduce dysphagia severity in individuals undergoing ACSS. Surgeons are encouraged to continue performing randomized control studies to assist in choosing the most favourable technique for the patient. View on Web

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Clinical pharmacokinetics of nadolol: A systematic review

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical pharmacokinetics of nadolol: A systematic review via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics This systematic review aimed to collect and analyse all the PK data of nadolol from studies conducted in healthy and diseased populations. Among the total 22 studies, 03 were IV, 07 were in diseased population, 06 studies were focused on drug–drug and drug-food interactions, and 01 study included lactating mothers. The analysis of these studies shows that the PK parameters such as C max, and AUC proportionally increase with dose in healthy subjects while the serum t ½ of nadolol was greatly increased in the patients with chronic kidney disease. Moreover, the bioavailability of nadolol was significantly reduced with the co-administration of green tea. The knowledge of all these altered PK parameters with disease states can be useful for making individualized dose adjustments. Abstract What is known and objective Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist that is used for the treatment of hypertension and angina. The primary route for its administration is oral. It is given once daily as it has a longer half-life (t½). The purpose of conducting this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive view of all the available pharmacokinetic (PK) data on nadolol in humans. This review aimed to systematically collate and analyze publish data on the clinical PK of nadolol in humans and this can be beneficial for the clinicians in dosage adjustments. Methods Two electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used for conducting a systematic literature search. All the relevant articles containing PK data of nadolol in humans were retrieved. A total of 1275 articles were searched from both databases and after applying eligibility criteria finally, 22 articles were included for conducting the systematic review. Results and discussion The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (C max) of nadolol increased in a dose-dependent manner. The t½ of nadolol was increased to double (18.2–68.6 h) in the patients with chronic kidney disease while the serum t½ became shorter (3.2–4.3 h) when administered to the children. The bioavailability of nadolol was greatly reduced by the coadministration of green tea. Nadolol can be effectively removed by hemodialysis. It undergoes enterohepatic circulation thus activated charcoal decreased its bioavailability. What is new and conclusion Since, there is no previous report of a systematic review on the PK of nadolol, the current review encompasses all the relevant published articles on nadolol in humans. The analysis and understanding of PK parameters (AUC, C max, and t½) of nadolol may be helpful in the development and evaluation of PK models. View on Web

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