Emergence of recombinant norovirus GII.12[P16] and predominance of GII.3[P12] strains in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2019‐2020

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Emergence of recombinant norovirus GII.12[P16] and predominance of GII.3[P12] strains in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2019‐2020 via Journal of Medical Virology ABSTRACT Norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) are important pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups, commonly in children worldwide. Recently, a number of studies have reported a wide variety of NoV recombinant strains. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2019-2020. One hundred and twenty-four NoV and seven SaV strains detected in children admitted to the hospital with AGE were included in this study. The partial RdRp/VP1 regions of these NoV and SaV strains were analyzed by phylogenetic analysis, Simplot and RDP softwares. Overall, eight recombination patterns of NoV were detected. NoV GII.4[P16] was the most common strain detected (39.1%), followed by GII.3[P12] (25.0%), GII.4[P31] (17.2%), and other recombinant strains were detected at lower rate. NoV GII.12[P16] strains were detected for the first time in Thailand. For SaV, none of the recombinant strains was detected. All SaV strains, GI.1/GI.1, GI.2/GI.2, and GII.5/GII.5, exhibited VP1 genotype corresponded to RdRp genotype. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the distribution and diversity of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in pediatric patients with AGE in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2019-2020 with the emergence of NoV GII.3[P12] and GII.12[P16]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Busulfan, fludarabine, and melphalan are effective conditioning for pediatric and young adult patients with myeloid malignancies underdoing matched sibling or alternative donor transplantation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Busulfan, fludarabine, and melphalan are effective conditioning for pediatric and young adult patients with myeloid malignancies underdoing matched sibling or alternative donor transplantation via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Background Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains a curative option for patients with high-risk myeloid malignancies. Procedure We present our 10-year experience (October 2012 to October 2021) of consecutive allo-HCT in patients with myeloid malignancies treated on the pediatric HCT service and conditioned with myeloablative targeted dose—busulfan (BU), fludarabine (FLU), and melphalan (MEL). Twenty-three children, adolescents, and young adult patients (CAYA) (median age 15.4 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 17), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n = 4), or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n = 2) underwent allo-HCT post-BU-FLU-MEL. Four patients had treatment-related AML/MDS. Donor/stem cell source was matched sibling donor (MSD) PBSC (n = 7), matched unrelated donor (MUD) PBSC (n = 2), umbilical cord blood (UCB) (n = 3), or haploidentical-BMT (n = 11). Risk stratification was low (n = 2), intermediate (n = 15), high (n = 3), and very high risk (n = 1). The two patients with CML had failed tyrosine kinase inhibitor t herapies. Results With a median follow-up of 41.6 months, the relapse rate is only 4.5% with an overall survival (OS) 100%, progression-free survival (PFS) 95.5%, and graft-versus-host-free-relapse-free survival (GRFS) 67.8%. The donor source and the acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis regimen significantly impacted grade II–IV aGvHD 66.7% versus 19.2% (p = .039) and chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGvHD) 66.7% versus 0% (p = .002) in the patients receiving MSD or MUD PBSC compared to haplo-BMT, respectively, resulting in improved GRFS in haplo-BMT, 83.3% compared to 40% matched donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) (p = .025). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that BU-FLU-MEL is efficacious conditioning for disease control in young patients with myeloid malignancies undergoing MSD or alternative donor allo-HCT, but in the setting of PBSC grafts with cyclosporine A-methotrexate (CSA-MTX) GvHD prophylaxis, it results in an unacceptably high incidence of GvHD. View on Web

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Cardiovascular toxicities with pediatric tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: An analysis of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cardiovascular toxicities with pediatric tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: An analysis of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract We sought to examine cardiovascular toxicities associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in pediatrics. We examined 1624 pediatric adverse events with imatinib, dasatinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, crizotinib, and ruxolitinib reported to the Food and Drug Administration between January 1, 2015, and August 14, 2020. There were 102 cardiovascular event reports. Hypertension was the most commonly reported cardiovascular event and was most frequently associated with sorafenib and pazopanib. The presence of infection increased the reporting odds of cardiovascular events overall and specifically cardiac arrest, heart failure, and hypertension. These data provide early insight into cardiovascular toxicities with tyrosine kinase inhibitor use in pediatrics. View on Web

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Dental implant failure rates with low insertion torque with a nonsubmerged surgical approach: A retrospective clinical study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Dental implant failure rates with low insertion torque with a nonsubmerged surgical approach: A retrospective clinical study via Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research Abstract Background It is currently unclear if a low insertion torque (IT) should prompt a clinician to submerge the dental implant at time of placement. Purpose This study aimed to analyze implant failure rates and marginal bone loss (MBL) as a function of IT and surgical approach. Materials and Methods A total of 197 patients who had received 295 Mozo Grau (MG) implants were included in this study. The healing of submerged or nonsubmerged implants was evaluated in regular IT (≥20–25 Ncm) or low IT (<20–25 Ncm) cases. Implant failure and MBL were evaluated before prosthesis placement and at 6 and 12 months after functional loading with generalized estimating equations. Results The overall 12-month implant failure rate was 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7%–8.2%). When successful at 12 months, dental implants placed with low IT and nonsubmerging had the same MBL as implants dental implants placed with other approaches (mean difference = −0.02 mm; 95% CI −0.05 to 0.02). Low IT combined with nonsubmerging of the dental implant was associated with a 30-fold increased odds for dental implant failure (95% CI: 3.8–236.6). Conclusion low IT and nonsubmerged healing was associated with a high failure rate. View on Web

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The Effect of Hyperosmolar Water-Soluble Contrast for the Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of Hyperosmolar Water-Soluble Contrast for the Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis via Annals of Surgery - Most Popular Articles Objective: To better understand the efficacy of water-soluble contrast (WSC) in the treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO). Background: Guidelines recommend using WSC to treat adhesive SBO nonoperatively by acting as a cathartic agent. The evidence supporting this practice is mixed. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles describing the effect of WSC compared with control treatments was performed for the period of January 1, 1990 to November 1, 2021. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias and the Newcastle-Ottawa tools. The therapeutic effect of WSC was assessed by operative rates and hospital length of stay (HLOS) in nonsurgical patients. Results: The initial search yielded 4879 articles, of which, 28 were selected for full text review. We identified 11 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which included 817 patients and 9 observational studies of 3944 patients. HLOS in nonsurgical patients decreased by 1.95 days (95% confidence interval: 0.56–3.3) in the RCTs and could not be assessed in the observational studies. WSC did not significantly affect operative rates in the RCTs (19.8% vs. 21.4%) but did reduce rates in the observational studies (11% vs. 16%, risk ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.39–0.82). Conclusion: WSC studies may reduce HLOS for patients who have SBO and do not require surgery. However, the current literature is heterogenous with considerable design limitations. High-quality RCTs are needed using standardized protocols to determine the full benefit of WSC for the management of SBO. View on Web

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Naphazoline and oxymetazoline are superior to epinephrine in enhancing the cutaneous analgesia of lidocaine in rats

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Naphazoline and oxymetazoline are superior to epinephrine in enhancing the cutaneous analgesia of lidocaine in rats via Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Abstract This study observed the cutaneous analgesic effect of adrenergic agonists when combined with lidocaine. We aimed at the usefulness of 4 adrenergic agonists and epinephrine as analgesics or as tools to prolong the effect of local anesthetics using a model of cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (pinprick pain) in rats. We showed that subcutaneous 4 adrenergic agonists and epinephrine, as well as the local anesthetic bupivacaine and lidocaine, developed a concentration-dependent cutaneous analgesia. The rank order of the efficacy of different compounds (ED50; median effective dose) was epinephrine [0.013 (0.012 – 0.014) μmol] > oxymetazoline [0.25 (0.22 – 0.28) μmol] > naphazoline [0.42 (0.34 – 0.53) μmol] = bupivacaine [0.43 (0.37 – 0.50) μmol] > xylometazoline [1.34 (1.25 – 1.45) μmol] > lidocaine [5.86 (5.11 – 6.72) μmol] > tetrahydrozoline [6.76 (6.21 – 7.36) μmol]. The duration of full reco very caused by tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, or xylometazoline was greater (P<0.01) than that induced via epinephrine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, or naphazoline at equianesthetic doses (ED25, ED50 , and ED75). Co-administration of lidocaine (ED50) with 4 adrenergic agonists or epinephrine enhanced the cutaneous analgesic effect. We observed that 4 adrenergic agonists and epinephrine induce analgesia by themselves, and such an effect has a longer duration than local anesthetics. Co-administration of lidocaine with the adrenergic agonist enhances the analgesic effect, and the cutaneous analgesic effect of lidocaine plus naphazoline (or oxymetazoline) is greater than that of lidocaine plus epinephrine. View on Web

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Association of upper respiratory Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization with SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Association of upper respiratory Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization with SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access ABSTRACT Background Streptococcus pneumoniae interacts with numerous viral respiratory pathogens in the upper airway. It is unclear whether similar interactions occur with SARS-CoV-2. Methods We collected saliva specimens from working-age adults receiving SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing at outpatient clinics and via mobile community-outreach testing between July and November 2020 in Monterey County, California. Following bact erial culture enrichment, we tested for pneumococci by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the lytA and piaB genes, and measured associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection via conditional logistic regression. Results Analyses included 1,278 participants, with 564 enrolled in clinics and 714 enrolled through outreach-based testing. Prevalence of pneumococcal carriage was 9.2% (117/1,278) among all participants (11.2% [63/564] clinic-based testing; 7.6% [54/714] outreach testing). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 27.4% (32/117) among pneumococcal carriers and 9.6% (112/1,161) among non-carriers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.58-4.69). Associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumococcal carriage were enhanced in the clinic-based sample (aOR = 4.01 [2.08-7.75]) and among symptomatic participants (aOR = 3.38 [1.35-8.40]), when compared to fin dings within the outreach-based sample and among asymptomatic participants. Adjusted odds of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection increased 1.24 (1.00-1.55)-fold for each 1-unit decrease in piaB qPCR CT value among pneumococcal carriers. Last, pneumococcal carriage modified the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with recent exposure to a suspected COVID-19 case (aOR = 7.64 [1.91-30.7] and 3.29 [1.94-5.59]) among pneumococcal carriers and non-carriers, respectively). Conclusions Associations of pneumococcal carriage detection and density with SARS-CoV-2 suggest a synergistic relationship in the upper airway. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine interaction mechanisms between pneumococci and SARS-CoV-2. View on Web

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