Thursday, March 3, 2022

Cost of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Inhalation Anesthesia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgery

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ABSTRACT

Objectives

To compare cost and time spent in surgical and postoperative courses in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing surgery with either total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or inhalational anesthesia.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

Retrospective review on patients undergoing surgery for OSA under general anesthesia from January 2019 to October 2020. Cost per service was acquired for the day of surgery.

Results

A total of 230 patients were included: 95 received TIVA; 135 received inhalation anesthesia. Total cost was significantly higher in the TIVA nasal surgery group by $286 (P = .035). TIVA produced significantly higher pharmacy and operating room costs across all surgeries and OSA severities. These increased costs were offset by significantly lower supply costs in upper airway stimulator (UAS, −$419.50; P = .007) and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP, −$115.16; P = .015) patients receiving TIVA. In the TIVA cohort, there was a trend toward lower recovery room costs after UAS (−$111.09; P = .063) and nasal surgery (−$64.45; P = .096) and anesthesia costs after nasal surgery (−$36.67; P = .054). Total recovery time was reduced by 18 minutes (P = .004) for nasal surgery, 25 minutes (P = .043) for UAS, and 27 minutes (P  ;= .147) for UPPP patients receiving TIVA.

Conclusion

When used in an outpatient setting for patients with OSA, TIVA adds to pharmacy and operating room costs, but this is usually offset by lower supply, anesthesia, and recovery room costs. We found decreased recovery times in the TIVA cohort. TIVA has proven benefits in patient outcomes and can be cost-effective in OSA surgery.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2022

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Outcomes after definitive surgery for mandibular osteoradionecrosis

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Abstract

Objectives

To analyze charges, complications, survival, and functional outcomes for definitive surgery of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN).

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis of 76 patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy with reconstruction from 2000 to 2009.

Results

Complications occurred in 49 (65%) patients and were associated with preoperative drainage (odds ratio [OR] 4.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–19.27). The adjusted median charge was $343 000, and higher charges were associated with double flap reconstruction (OR 8.15, 95% CI 2.19–30.29) and smoking (OR 5.91, 95% CI 1.69–20.72). Improved swallow was associated with age <67 years (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.16–12.17) and preoperative swallow (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.23–9.51). Five-year ORN-recurrence-free survival was 93% while overall survival was 63% and associated with pulmonary disease (HR [hazard ratio] 3.57, 95% CI 1.43–8.94).

Conclusions

Although recurrence of ORN is rare, surgical complications are common and charges are high. Poorer outcomes and higher charges are associated with preoperative factors.

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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Autobiographical Case Report

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Cureus. 2022 Feb 24;14(2):e22559. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22559. eCollection 2022 Feb.

ABSTRACT

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant thyroid neoplasm with the median age at presentation for papillary carcinoma being around 50 years. This case report describes the author's experience of being diagnosed with PTC at the age of 25, as well as the course of treatment, and eventual outcome.

PMID:35237493 | PMC:PMC8882045 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.22559

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Magnetic Resonance-Guided Diagnosis of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension in a Middle-Aged Woman

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Case Rep Neurol Med. 2022 Feb 21;2022:4438923. doi: 10.1155/2022/4438923. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare condition caused by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. It is diagnosed by clinical features that include an orthostatic headache combined with imaging findings demonstrating intracranial hypotension and a CSF leak. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with an orthostatic headache who was found to have a sagging brain with a downward-displaced cerebellum and pachymeningeal enhancement with gadolinium contrast. This was initially misidentified as a Chiari I malformation, but the constellation of symptoms and MRI findings were later recognized as characteristic of SIH. Diagnosis of SIH and a CSF leak was confirmed with CT myelography. She was treated with a nontarget epidural blood patch, and her symptoms resolved. An orthostatic headache, a sagging brain, and pachymeningeal enhance ment on MRI are highly specific for SIH, raising suspicion for this uncommon and often missed diagnosis.

PMID:35237456 | PMC:PMC8885260 | DOI:10.1155/2022/4438923

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Primary Pyomyositis of Levator Scapulae

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This case report describes a young woman who presented with a suspected deep neck space infection who was subsequently found to have an intramuscular abscess in the left levator scapulae muscle.
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Oral Cavity Cancer Outcomes Prediction Score Incorporating Patient-Derived Xenograft Engraftment

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This cohort study develops and validates a prediction score fo r locoregional failure and distant metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma that incorporates patient-derived xenograft engraftment and clinicopathological risk factors.
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Outpatient Symptom Management in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

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This qualitative analysis of patients with head and neck cance r in an ambulatory setting in Canada explores how cancer-related symptom assessment and management can be improved.
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Different Characteristics of Oropharyngeal pH Changes in Different Laryngeal Diseases

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Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Mar 3:1455613221081568. doi: 10.1177/01455613221081568. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the different characteristics of oropharyngeal pH changes in patients with different laryngeal diseases.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data of 262 patients were summarized. The patients were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 included 123 patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). Group 2 included 45 patients with vocal cord polyps. Group 3 included 40 patients with vocal cord leukoplakia. Group 4 included 54 patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Their reflux symptom indexes (RSIs), reflux finding scores (RFSs), and Dx-pH monitoring results were compared.

RESULTS: In total, 235 patients had abnormal RSI/RFS, 90 patients had abnormal Ryan scores. The rate of abnormal RSI/RFS of Group 1 was significantly higher than that of Group 4 (P = .001). Significant differences of the rates of abnormal Ryan scores existed between Groups 2 and 4 (P = .021) and Groups 3 and 4 (P = .027). There were obvious differences in upright Ryan scores between Groups 1 and 2 (P = .013), Groups 1 and 3 (P = .002), Groups 2 and 4 (P = .046), and Groups 3 and 4 (P = .009). There were significant differences in time percentage of oropharyngeal pH of upright 5.5∼6.5 and supine 5.0∼6.5 between Groups 1 and 3 as well as Groups 1 and 4 (upright: Groups 1 and 3: P = .017; Groups 1 and 4: P = .019. Supine: Groups 1 and 3: P = .018; Groups 1 and 4: P = .023).

CONCLUSIONS: There were different oropharyngeal pH characteristics in patients with different laryngeal diseases, which indicated laryngopharyngeal reflux may play different roles in different diseases through various patterns. Patients with vocal cord polyps, vocal cord leukoplakia, and laryngeal carcinoma had more and different patterns of oropharyngeal pH change than patients with LPRD. Patients with vocal cord polyps and vocal cord leukoplakia had more severe acid oropharyngeal pH change episodes than patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

PMID:35239431 | DOI:10.1177/01455613221081568

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Tumor mutational burden and somatic mutation status to predict disease recurrence in advanced melanoma

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Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has recently been identified as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in many cancers, including melanoma. Co-assessment of TMB with inflammatory markers and genetic mutations may better predict disease outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for TMB and somatic mutations in combination to predict the recurrence of disease in advanced melanoma. A retrospective review of 85 patients with stage III or IV melanoma whose tumors were analyzed by next-generation sequencing was conducted. Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences in TMB category by somatic mutation status as well as recurrence locations. Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox-proportional regression model were used for survival analyses. The most frequently detected mutations were TERT (32.9%), CDKN2A (28.2%), KMT2 (25.9%), BRAF V600E (24.7%), and NRAS (24.7%). Patients with TMB-L + BRAFWT status were more likely to have a recurrence [hazard ratio (HR), 3.43; confidence interval (CI), 1.29–9.15; P = 0.01] compared to TMB-H + BRAF WT. Patients with TMB-L + NRASmut were more likely to have a recurrence (HR, 5.29; 95% CI, 1.44–19.45; P = 0.01) compared to TMB-H + NRAS WT. TMB-L tumors were associated with local (P = 0.029) and in-transit (P = 0.004) recurrences. Analysis of TMB alone may be insufficient in understanding the relationship between melanoma's molecular profile and the body's immune system. Classification into BRAFmut, NRASmut, and tumor mutational load groups may aid in identifying patients who are more likely to have disease recurrence in advanced melanoma. Received 9 December 2021 Accepted 13 January 2022 Correspondence to Meghan J. Hotz, BS, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA, Tel: +1 610 675 6602; fax: +1 215 728 2773; e-mail: mjohannahotz@gmail.com Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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