Wednesday, January 9, 2019

Why More USA CO2 is a Good Thing

A new editorial at Investor's Business Daily explains: Don't Join The Media Freak Out Over Recent Jump In CO2 Emissions — It Won't Last. Excerpt in italics with my bolds.

CO2 Emissions: For the first time in years, U.S. carbon dioxide output rose last year, a new report says. The jump has set off alarms in all the predictable media quarters. Relax. It's a great sign for the economy, and will mean nothing long term for the environment.

CO2, the main greenhouse gas that global warming advocates most fear, happens to be rising around the world right now. It has been for decades.

But in recent years the U.S. has been the big exception to that trend, with declining amounts of CO2 spewed into the air from its industry. The reason for this is that, thanks to fracking, companies and utilities around the country are replacing coal with natural gas.

At least, that is, until 2016. But in 2018, U.S. carbon dioxide output jumped by 3.4%, according to Rhodium Group, a research firm.

It's not hard to understand why. Thanks to a booming economy set off by President Trump's new trade deals, tax cuts and deregulation, in the past two years the U.S. has seen manufacturing jobs surge.

20181020_USC594.png

CO2 Emissions Vs. Factory Jobs
Indeed, since Trump entered office, the number of manufacturing jobs has jumped by close to half a million. Once-moribund industrial areas around the country, many of which voted for Trump, are coming back to life. Minority unemployment rates are at or near record lows. Meanwhile, wages rose 3.2% last year, the fastest in a decade.

These are good things. This is prosperity.

Sources: US Federal Reserve Board and MAPI Foundation.

All those people going back to work in refurbished factories in America's Heartland — you remember, the ones Hillary Clinton called "deplorables" — helped push emissions from manufacturing up 5.7% last year alone.

Transportation also contributed, of course, in the surging economy, with jet fuel (up 33.1%) and diesel fuel (up 3%) posting solid gains. A growing economy also means more electricity demand. Emissions in the electricity producing sector jumped 1.9%.

Then there's the irony of ironies: some of the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which activists fear are causing runaway global warming, was due to an unusually cold winter last year. That's right: Businesses and homes used more fuel for heat than they have in years. Rhodium noted that CO2 from this winter effect rose 10% in 2018.

A Cold, Cold Winter
Are these bad things? No. Not at all.

First off, people need to heat their homes and businesses in winter. That's a given. Anyone who doubts that deserves the scorn and ridicule that surely would come their way for suggesting otherwise.

Second, those who have regained their jobs in factories across America should be cheered after living through years of steady, unremitting industrial decline. That some media outlets are now treating the very recent rise in CO2 output as some epic tragedy, please.

A healthy economy always produces more CO2 when its growing fast than otherwise. Our current growth rate is roughly 50% higher than it was under President Obama. If it didn't produce more CO2, that would be surprising.

"The boom in manufacturing is good news for American workers," said The Daily Caller, "however, major media outlets sounded the alarm on global warming." Both Washington Post and Bloomberg .

The Post was worst, claiming the "world has only about a decade to make the 'unprecedented changes necessary" to stave off climate disaster.

Of course, such predictions of doom are based on statistical models that have proven wrong repeatedly in the past. That's not science; it's little better than a Ouija Board. And yet, these prophets of climate doom would have us slash CO2 output and destroy hundreds of thousands of jobs just to satisfy the demands of the green socialist movement.

Nothing's Forever — Not Even CO2
By the way, those gains in CO2 won't go on forever. The next slump or slowdown will take care of that, by causing many companies to close and many people to lose their jobs. And fracking will continue to chip away at our CO2 emissions.

Meanwhile, around the world, countries are abandoning their restrictions on CO2 emissions that have impoverished them and angered voters. They're also throwing aside the idea of punitive carbon taxes. People want jobs. They want incomes. They want better lives. And taxing them and the businesses they work for so that they'll be poorer and pollute less creates resentment, even rage.

Just ask France's Gilets Jaunes, who have nearly paralyzed President Emmanuel Macron's administration over his proposal for higher energy taxes. It should be a warning to U.S. Democrats, who hope to parlay fear of a changing climate into total control of the U.S. government.

As Nancy Pelosi said earlier this month, on becoming House speaker again, "We must… face the existential threat of our time: the climate crisis — a crisis manifested in natural disasters of epic proportions." This is nonsense on steroids.

Capitalism Cleans Up
The truth is, the world is getting much cleaner, when measured by CO2 output per dollar of GDP. So is the U.S. It's decarbonizing. And as the world population begins to decline later this century and new energy technologies come on line — everything from new battery technology to ultra-safe nuclear power designs — CO2 emissions won't be a problem, real or imagined.

The real problem? Having enough people working and paying taxes to support all the retirees around the world and pay off hundreds of trillions of dollars of global debt.

What is a problem is the nonstop fear-mongering, demands for more taxes, and dangerous socialist experiments in expanding government control of the economy, all in the name of warding off the threat of global warming.

So don't worry about this jump in CO2. It won't last. But the damage from bad green policies foisted on the economy will.

0d37f35b357b035e4623ae67429c4c4afad51c80



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[ASAP] High-Temperature Crystal Chemistry of a-, ß-, and ?-BiNbO4 Polymorphs

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Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03024
inocaj?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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Claim: The Green New Deal is great news for the GOP – Its ‘heavy-on-high-hope, light-on-logic’

The Hill: The Green New Deal is great news for the GOP | TheHill. http://bit.ly/2M7hcS5 BY JOSEPH BORELLI Republicans loved Obamacare. Really! In fact, "repeal and replace" and its variants may have been the most effective slogan in drawing Americans away from Democratic candidates since "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too." Thankfully, 2019 has brought an equally [...]

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We’re saved! Just pay $2000 for an automatic ‘draft free’ cat door to help fight ‘climate change’

Saving the planet one $2,000 cat door at a time http://bit.ly/2RgPCHx By Jo Nova Go on. Prove how much you love the planet, or maybe just outdo the Jones's and get yourself a $2,000 automatic designer cat door that is draft free, radio controlled and evens opens the door for the cat in case your [...]

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Will Earth survive?! Government Shutdown Prevents Climate Scientists from Attending a Key UN IPCC Conference

Government Shutdown Prevents Climate Scientists from Attending a Key IPCC Conference http://bit.ly/2FgFFU5 Guest essay by Eric Worrall h/t Dr. Willie Soon – Denying President Trump funds to fulfil his promise to build the wall appears to be a higher priority for Democrats than allowing US Scientists the funds they need to attend key climate conferences. [...]

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Green Marxism: The Climate Paper Most Widely Covered By The News Media In 2018 Was Actually A Call For Socialism – Called for ‘fundamental reorientation of human values, equity, behavior, institutions, economies, and technologies’

Green Marxism: The Climate Paper Most Widely Covered By The News Media In 2018 Was Actually A Call For Socialism http://bit.ly/2M6EWFX The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF) Green Marxism: The Climate Paper Most Widely Covered By The News Media In 2018 Was Actually A Call For Socialism by bennypeiser / Today, 07:37 The most popular [...]

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Caroline “Do As I Say, Not Do” Lucas

By Paul Homewood

london-uk-27th-february-2016-caroline-lu

Labour's plans to increase green taxes on air flights will doubtlessly go down well with Caroline Lucas, our only Green MP.

It was Lucas who a few years ago notoriously called air travel "as bad as knifing a person in the street", as the Mail reported:

A leading politician has sparked outrage by comparing people who fly to Spain on holiday with knife-wielding criminals.

Caroline Lucas has been a fierce opponent of the proposed third runway at Heathrow.

Caroline Lucas, the leader of the Green Party, suggested that travellers who regularly jet off to the Costas are threatening the lives of others – and do as much damage as thugs who stab people in the street.

Ms Lucas, who is also a Member of the European Parliament, made the controversial comment during a televised ITV debate about plans for a proposed third runway at Heathrow. She also hit out 'binge flying' and people who have second homes abroad.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-1169862/Air-travel-bad-stabbing-person-street-says-MEP.html

That was in 2009. Two years ago, Guido discovered that the hard left Caroline evidently thought the rules did not apply to her:

 

image

Green Party leader Caroline Lucas flew in business class to Washington yesterday on a gasoline guzzling, CO2 spurting aeroplane which dumped almost a tonne of carbon into the atmosphere. A spokesman for Lucas confirmed to Guido that she flew on British Airways and said:

"Caroline is in Washington DC on a work visit with the Environmental Audit Committee. Travel was arranged by the [Environmental Audit] Committee."

A popular carbon footprint calculator states an average flight from London to Washington pumps out 0.92 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent – equivalent to 4 months average C02 emissions by a household. In 2009 Lucas compared holidaymakers flying to Spain to thugs stabbing people in the street:

"When asked if flying to Spain was as bad as knifing a person in the street, Ms Lucas said: 'Yes – because they are dying from climate change.'"

https://order-order.com/2017/03/28/bad-atmosphere-caroline-lucas-flies-washington/

 

Not only did she fly to Washington, she even had the nerve to go business class.

 

And that was not her only trip to the US that year. According to the Register of Interests, in June she attended a tin pot nuclear disarmament conference in New York, with her travel paid for by CND:

image

 image

https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmregmem/171211/lucas_caroline.htm 

I assume she did not swim there!



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More Cracks Found In Hunterston Nuclear Reactors

By Paul Homewood

 

The latest news on Hunterston from The Ferret:

 

image

Pressure is mounting to keep two nuclear power reactors at Hunterston in North Ayrshire closed after the company that runs them, EDF Energy, said it had found more cracks and was again postponing plans to restart.

The French company now estimates that there are 370 major cracks in the graphite core of reactor three and 200 cracks in the core of reactor four. Reactor three has been closed down since 9 March 2018, and reactor four since 2 October.

The day after The Ferret revealed in November that 350 cracks had been discovered in reactor three in breach of an operating safety limit, EDF postponed restarting both reactors to January and February.

But there's been a further delay, with the company now hoping to restart reactor four at the end of March and reactor three at the end of April.

Full story here.

 

Problems with cracks at Hunterston are not new. Back in 2014, the BBC reported that new cracks found then could threaten EDF plans to extend the life of Hunterston to 2023.

In theory, the UK has 9.3 GW of nuclear capacity, of which Hunterston accounts for 1.2 GW.



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Arctic Sea Ice Extent Higher Than 2006 Last Month

By Paul Homewood

 

Just last March, the Guardian was trying to panic us about record lows in Arctic sea ice during last winter.

image

 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/06/arctic-warmest-winter-record-climate-change

 

Back in the real world, DMI confirm that average Arctic sea ice extent in December was higher last month than in 2006. In reality, there has been very little change at all since 2005.

 

osisaf_nh_iceextent_monthly-12_en

http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/icecover_30y.uk.php

 

 

Sea ice thickness is also very little changed since 2006:

 

 CICE_combine_thick_SM_EN_20181231.png

http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/icethickness/thk.uk.php

CICE_combine_thick_SM_EN_20061231.png

And volume is also not decreasing either. (Note – 2003 is the first year of data from DMI)

image

http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/icethickness/txt/IceVol.txt

 

But you won't read any of this in the Guardian.



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Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical micro-pollutants using ZnO

Abstract

This research paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the degradation of three different contaminants including progesterone (PGS), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NAP) using ZnO as the photocatalyst and ultraviolet (UV) light as a source for catalysts activation. Two operating parameters, namely, catalyst loading and initial concentration of contaminants, were tested in a batch photocatalytic reactor. To demonstrate the large-scale applications, experiments were also conducted in a submerged membrane photocatalytic reactor. It has proven that ZnO photocatalyst degraded the three contaminants very efficiently under almost all the studied experimental conditions, with efficiency rates of 92.3, 94.5, and 98.7 % for PSG, IBU, and NAP, respectively. The photodegradation kinetics study was performed to calculate the reaction rate constant, which is found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The membrane photocatalytic reactor was efficient to remove pollutants and it is observed that the degradation rate increases with increasing the membrane oscillation frequency approaching that of the stirred reactor.



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Double feature: Lunar eclipse and Supermoon this month – simultaneously

total-lunar-eclipse-720x405.jpg

The "supermoon bloodmoon lunar eclipse" is coming to North and South America, as well and the UK and parts of Eastern Europe this month. The total lunar eclipse will start late on Sunday, Jan. 20, and finish early on Monday, Jan. 21, and because it occurs during a "supermoon", it will appear about 14% bigger than…

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El Niño latest: not much going on

Credit: NASA climatekids


The necessary ocean-atmosphere coupling needed for El Niño to develop has not been observed so far, despite earlier favourable predictions.

ENSO-neutral conditions are present, says NOAA's Climate Prediction Center [pdf].

Equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are above average across most of
the Pacific Ocean.

The patterns of convection and winds are mostly near average over the tropical Pacific.

El Niño is expected to form and continue through the Northern Hemisphere
winter 2018-19 (~90% chance) and through spring (~60% chance).

Recent Evolution of Equatorial Pacific SST Departures (°C)

From September 2017 to late March 2018, below-average SSTs persisted across the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.

Since early June, near-to-above average SSTs have been present across most of the Pacific Ocean.

Since mid December, positive SST anomalies have weakened across most of the equatorial Pacific.

Full report here [pdf].



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Conversion of Methane to Ethylene Using an Ir Complex and Phosphorus Ylide as a Methylene Transfer Reagent

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC08761J, Communication
Pavel Zatsepin, Seihwan Ahn, Bimal Pudasaini, Michael Gau, Mu-Hyun Baik, Daniel J Mindiola
Cp*(Me3P)Ir(CH3)(OTf), a complex known to reversibly activate CH4 and other hydrocarbons under mild conditions, reacts with the phosphorus ylide H2CPPh3 in THF to afford two major species [Cp*(Me3P)(Ph3P)Ir(CH2CH3)][OTf] and [Cp*(Me3P)Ir(H)(η2-CH2CH2)][OTf]....
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[ASAP] Effect of Interstitial Hydrogen on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Tungsten: A First-Principles Study

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10659
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Artificial Compound Eyes Prepared by a Combination of Air-Assisted Deformation, Modified Laser Swelling, and Controlled Crystal Growth

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ACS Nano
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04047
ancac3?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Tuning the Electronic Structure of NiO via Li Doping for the Fast Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Chemistry of Materials
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03776
cmatex?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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Aquatic beetles Cercyon unipunctatus as bioindicators of pollution in Lake Edku and Mariut, Egypt

Abstract

The lakes of the North Delta give a rich and imperative territory for marine fish and its regeneration, and have dependably been major areas of fish creation in Egypt, 75% of the production was collected from them. As of late, many difficulties are confronting these lakes and prompt the exhaustion of fish production from them. The aim of the present study is to evaluate different inorganic pollutants in Coleopterons aquatic insect (Cercyon unipunctatus) taken from both Lake Edku and Mariut and also, to estimate their effect on oxidative stress markers and chromosomal aberrations. The average concentrations of heavy metals differ in the two locations. The concentration of (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) was significantly higher in water samples of Lake Mariut than those of Lake Edku. Also, the present work, showed the physical and chemical characters of the two lakes water. In the current study, the obtained results showed that there was a significant increase in (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentrations in C. unipunctatus tissues which were collected from Lake Mariut. The biochemical parameters of oxidative stress have been affected by the pollution in Lake Mariut water. Significant increases in the activity level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde concentration were recorded, while there were significant decreases in (total protein content, GSH content, and GPx activity). The result of chromosomal aberration test showed that there were different types of aberrations as binucleate cell, lagging chromosome, and abnormal distribution of chromosomes. The obtained data showed that C. unipunctatus highly affected by environmental stressors in water. So we suggest that these beetles could be a suitable monitor for ecotoxicological studies.



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Searching variables to assess recreational water quality: the presence of infectious human enterovirus and its correlation with the main variables of water pollution by multivariate statistical approach in Córdoba, Argentina

Abstract

Surface waters are used by local populations for different purposes, such as recreational activities, water source for human and animal consumption, and irrigation among others, which lead to the need for management strategies on water health and associated risks. During this study, we investigated physicochemical parameters, fecal coliform bacteria, and infectious human enterovirus detection to determine the water quality in different beaches (categorized as an urban area, non-urban areas, and an intermediate position) from San Roque Dam, in Argentina. Multivariate techniques were applied. Principal component analysis allowed identification of subgroup of variables responsible for the water quality. A cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance showed the urban beach as the highest pollution area. The following variables (measured at the urban beach) would be enough to describe the quality of the aquatic body: nitrites, fecal coliforms, total phosphorous, and infectious human enterovirus. The infectious human enterovirus was an independent variable detected in 69.1% of the samples showing a steady frequency of detection during the whole period studied and could identify human fecal contaminations as a source of water pollution. The selected variables would contribute to water quality regarding the risk for human health using San Roque dam waters for recreational propose.



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[ASAP] Synthetic Model Complex of the Key Intermediate in Cytochrome P450 Nitric Oxide Reductase

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Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02947
inocaj?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Theoretical Investigation of the Reductive Protonation of Cyclopentadienyl Cobalt Compounds

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Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02475
inocaj?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Nitric Oxide Dioxygenase Activity of a Nitrosyl Complex of Cobalt(II) Porphyrinate in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide via Putative Peroxynitrite Intermediate

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Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02722
inocaj?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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[ASAP] Nanosized Bispyrazole-Based Cryptand-Stabilized Palladium(0) Nanoparticles: A Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction in Water

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Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03015
inocaj?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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The EU’s Immigration-Fueled Nightmare

table12_partial.png?resize=547%2C396&ssl

A report outlines a dystopian future in which EU citizens find themselves outnumbered 7 to 1 by recent arrivals. This is cultural genocide.

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Solvent-Directed Control over the Topology of Entanglement in Square Lattice (sql) Coordination Networks

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09152H, Communication
Michael Zaworotko, Rana Sanii, Carol Hua, Ewa Patyk-Kaźmierczak
We report herein that the mode of entanglement in square lattice, sql, coordination networks formed by an extended bis-imidazole ligand, L, can be controlled by the solvent used during solvothermal...
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Proof Global Warming Is Asinine

Now that the Democrats are poised to triumph over the House, we shall soon daily hear from the likes of Nancy Pelosi and the appalling Raul Grijalva on the tedious subject of global warming. Which means we'll have to begin talking about it again, like we did in the old days. I hate to do it because I am sick unto death of the whole subject.

What's it's been? Twenty, thirty years? Fifty if you throw in global cooling. Decade upon decade of increasingly shrill promises of plummeting—rather, soaring—-temperatures, with nothing much happening. Month or so back we heard there were no strong tornadoes in the US last year. But there were increase in threats that tornadoes were growing more frequent, destructive, et cetera. And also an increase in the believe the threats are reality.

Remember when I (as minority member) and three others published a paper that said, yeah, we'll get some warming, probably, but not too much? And the crap storm from it that followed? Older readers will recall all that when I speak of "the hacking". Some environmentally minded zealot pegged my site because I didn't agree the world would flame out. All of that dull history can be read in articles on the Classics page.

Isn't it obvious by now the whole thing is political? Well, if not, today I present conclusive proof.

Here's a CNN tweet (ellipsis original): "'We must hold the older generations accountable for the mess they have created. … and say to them you cannot continue risking our future like this.' Teen climate activist Greta Thunberg calls on young people to use their anger as activism."

Anger?

That we have ignorant brats admonishing us about global warming is all you need to demonstrate climatology has succumbed almost entirely to politics. One hopes there are at least some scientists left who cringe at these embarrassing displays.

I didn't hear of any who complained of this, or of the many, many similar idiotic displays, though. Meaning scientists who work in this field are pleased to have demonstrably stupid spokespeople. (I almost qualified spokespeople with "celebrity", but realized the redundancy in time.) I'm not picking on this earnest yet foolish young lady. I am saying CNN, the girl's parents, and everybody else responsible for the PR stunt should be horsewhipped.

Global warming is politics. QED. I have demonstrated what I set out to prove.

But wait! There's more! There will always be more. Global warming—under its nom de guerre climate change—will never go away because of its global nature which, as is clear, causes reflexive drooling in globalists. ("Nation states must today be prepared to give up their sovereignty," said Angela Merkel. "In an orderly fashion of course." Give up sovereignty to be ruled by whom? She doesn't say.)

Anyway, here's another headline: "$1 Million Climate Change Prize Awarded To Unlikely Candidates." This, depressingly, is in Forbes.

Yesterday, The Roddenberry Foundation awarded four organizations $250,000 each as winners of its 2018 Roddenberry Prize. The $1 million prize focuses on food waste, plant-rich diets, girls' education, and women's rights—all generally underfunded and often overlooked for their impact on climate change.

Now you can, at a stretch, and if you are sleepy, kinda sorta make a case about food waste and meatless diets and global warming. But you cannot carp about girls' education and women's rights unless you have no idea whatsoever about fluid flow on a rotating sphere. Or if you don't really care about cloud parameterizations but you really do care about being a social justice warrior—or in spreading cultural Marxist ideas and are looking for the scariest excuse you can find.

Global warming is politics. Again, QED.

And how about that perpetual truth fornicator, Jerry Brown. Take this headline: "Jerry Brown: Climate change challenges as serious as those faced in World War II."

I would point to the fact that it took Roosevelt many, many years to get America willing to go into World War II and fight the Nazis. Well, we have an enemy, though different, but perhaps, very much devastating in a similar way. And we've got to fight climate change. And the president's got to lead on that.

Well, he worked in Nazis, which is always a winning tactic for the left. Now here's a quote with some facts: "World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history an estimated total 70-85 million people perished, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion)."

Three percent of today's population is about 230 billion. Total global warming deaths so far: 0.

Jerry Brown is an ass. And global warming is asinine. QED.



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Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence in Naphthyl Appended Carbazole-Quinoline Conjugate, and their Mechanical Regulation

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09220F, Communication
Indranil Bhattacharjee, Nirmalya Acharya, debdas ray
The influence of naphthyl and/or phenyl rings at 2,4-positions of quinolinyl fragment in carbazole-quinoline conjugates are studied. The centric phase of one of the conjugate (β-CQNN) revealed both thermally activated...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry


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Biosorption of dysprosium (III) using raw and surface-modified bark powder of Mangifera indica : isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Abstract

In this paper, we have used HDTMA-Br- and NaOH-treated bark powder of Mangifera indica as bio-sorbents for the removal of dysprosium (III) from its aqueous solution. The adsorption process was investigated at different experimental parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial metal concentration. The amount of chemically modified bark powder required was almost two times lesser than raw bark to get a higher percentage removal of the metal ion. The kinetics results revealed the adsorption process follows the nonlinear form a pseudo-second-order model. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change (∆G°) indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The enthalpy change (∆H°) and entropy change (∆S°) of adsorption were 60.97 kJ/mol and 0.48 J/mol K, respectively signified it as an endothermic process. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 55.04 mg/g for sorption of Dy (III) on NaOH-treated bark powder and was better fitted to Langmuier model. It was confirmed to follow physisorption process and the activation energy of the system was found to be 41.07 kJ/mol. The possibility of adsorbent and adsorbate interactions were indicated by the FTIR and SEM/EDX analysis.



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Assessing the socio-economic impact of climate change on wheat production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

This study involves the climate change impact assessment of wheat producers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. An extensive farm survey of 150 farms was designed. From study area, three districts, namely, Chitral, D.I. Khan, and Peshawar, were selected through multistage sampling process. Yield simulation from Crop model DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agro Technology Transfer) was used for socio-economic impact assessment. Future climate scenarios were generated by selecting five GCMs from latest CMIP5 family with two RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, at two carbon concentrations of 499 ppm and 571 ppm, respectively. Yield simulations were analyzed for each GCM. Results of crop model revealed that wheat yield will increase in district Chitral, while in D.I. Khan and Peshawar, yields would be reduced due to climate change. For socio-economic impact assessment, TOA-MD (Trade-Off Analysis for Multi-Dimensional Impact Assessment) version 6 was used. Climate change impacts on poverty, net farm returns, and per capita income were calculated for different scenarios. The analysis was carried out on per-farm basis. The economic model results revealed that climate change has negative impact on wheat producers in D.I. Khan and Peshawar while making wheat producers better off in Chitral. The number of losers ranged from 54 to 66.21% and 50 to 61.99% in D.I. Khan and Peshawar, respectively. Losers are the farmers who would be economically worse off under perturbed climate. With current climate, the observed poverty rate would be 34 to 49 in D.I. Khan while 21.26 to 34.03 in Peshawar. The study recommended need for adaptation strategies to overcome the vulnerabilities of climate change.



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Environmental performance of Chinese listing manufacturing enterprise: from investment perspective

Abstract

With decades of high-speed economic miracle, China inevitably encountered with environmental pressure and sustainable development problem. As the main carrier of the environmental responsibility, Chinese government set series of regulations and standards to supervise and guide enterprise to fulfill this challenge emission reduction task. Based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this paper focuses on air pollutant highly emission manufacturing tycoons to figure out "whether the yearly billions environmental input really worth it?" during 2014 to 2016. Unlike previous studies mainly from consumption perspective and got macro-regional evidence, we choose micro-enterprise to analyze individual environmental performance and draw general conclusions. Possible suggestions are also proposed for various industries and some salient enterprises.



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Effect of diesel-methanol-nitromethane blends combustion on VCR stationary CI engine performance and exhaust emissions

Abstract

The continuous rise in cost of fossil fuels and environmental pollution has attracted research in the area of clean alternative fuels for improving the performance and emission of internal combustion engines. In the present work, methanol and nitromethane were treated as a biofuel and investigations have been made to evaluate the feasibility of replacing diesel with a suitable diesel-methanol-nitromethane blend. For this, experimental investigations were carried out on a VCR diesel engine using diesel-methanol-nitromethane blends to determine the most favorable blending ratio and engine operating parameters for enhancing performance and reduce emissions. The best results of performance and emissions were observed with D-M5-NM2.5 blend (diesel 92.5%, methanol 5%, nitromethane 2.5%) at standard engine parameters. The improvement in engine performance (13% increment in BTE and 19.5% decrement in BSFC) and reduction in emission (smoke 26.47%, NOx 21.66%, and CO 14.28%) was found using D-M5-NM2.5 blend as compared to pure diesel at full load condition; however, HC emission was slightly increased by 10.71%. To find out the best suitable value of CR for D-M5-NM2.5 blend, experiments were further performed on different compression ratios by which higher compression ratio of 19.5 was found better under similar operating conditions. By increasing CR from 18.5 (standard) to 19.5, improvement in engine performance (BTE increased 3.8% and BSFC decreased 3.4%) and reduction in emission (smoke 10%, CO 16.67%, and HC 61.29%) were observed using D-M5-NM2.5 blend; however, NOx was found to be on slightly higher side with tolerable increment of 6.38%.



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The Climate Paper Most Widely Covered By The Media In 2018 Was Actually A Call For Global Socialism

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From The Daily Caller Actually A Call For Global Socialism 2:50 PM 01/08/2019 | Energy Michael Bastasch | Energy Editor The most popular climate paper of 2018 called for "collective human action" to keep global warming from turning Earth into a "hothouse," according to media tracking data. The so-called "Hothouse Earth" paper, published in the…

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German Karlsruhe Research Institute’s Awarding Winning Process For Producing Hydrogen Fuel From Methane

Innovation Award for Climate-Friendly Methane Cracking

Producing Hydrogen from Natural Gas without Emissions: German Gas Industry Honors a Process Developed by Researchers from Karlsruhe and Potsdam – KIT Spin-Off Ineratec Receives Special Award for Innovative Startups

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The experimental reactor for methane cracking is part of the liquid metal laboratory at KIT (Photo: Amadeus Bramsiepe, KIT)

Generating energy from natural gas without climate-damaging CO2 emissions – that's the promise of a new technology developed in a joint research project by scientists at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam. Natural gas, which mainly consists of methane, is converted into hydrogen and fixed carbon. For their work, the researchers have now received the German Gas Industry Innovation Award. KIT was also honored with a new special award for the most innovative startup which was presented to Ineratec, a spin-off of the research university.

"The German Gas Industry Innovation Award for the new methane cracking process is testament to the innovative spirit of our scientists," says the President of KIT, Professor Holger Hanselka.

"The option of using fossil natural gas in a climate-friendly way in the future can make a major contribution to curb CO2 emissions. I am very pleased that we, as the research university in the Helmholtz Association, can make this important contribution to climate protection together with our partners." The award was presented to the research team consisting of scientists from KIT and IASS on November 22 in Berlin. The research team also won an additional award voted for by the attendees at the ceremony. The event was held under the auspices of the Federal Minister of Education and Research, Anja Karliczek.

 

Die Preisträger des Innovationspreis der Deutschen Gaswirtschaft 2018 aus dem KIT und dem IASS in Potsdam (Foto: Claudius Pflug) The winners of the 2018 German Gas Industry Innovation Award from KIT and IASS in Potsdam (Photo: Claudius Pflug)

The new process makes it possible to use natural gas in a climate-friendly manner. "Instead of directly burning natural gas, which mainly consists of methane, we break it up into its components hydrogen and carbon," says Dr Stefan Stückrad who has co-managed the research project at IASS. The hydrogen produced in methane cracking can be used as an energy source in fuel cell vehicles as well as for generating electricity and heat.

Applications in the chemical industry are also possible. "So far, hydrogen for the chemical industry has mainly been produced from natural gas by steam methane reforming. During this process, considerable amounts of carbon dioxide are released," says Stückrad. In addition to hydrogen, very pure powdery carbon is created as a by-product during cracking, the importance of which is constantly increasing as an industrial raw material. For example, it is used in the production of elastomers, lightweight materials, printing inks and batteries.

Methane cracking is not a new idea as such and has previously been analyzed in experiments with gas phase reactors. "Conventional methods proved unsuitable for application at an industrial scale, though," says Professor Thomas Wetzel from the Institute of Thermal Process Engineering (TVT) at KIT. "The carbon produced during cracking was deposited on the heated reactor walls as a solid layer, blocking the reactors in a short space of time. Other approaches on the basis of arc- or plasma-based reactors weren't very successful either." The research project from IASS and KIT has therefore chosen a fundamentally different approach for continuous pyrolytic methane cracking.

The basic idea is to use molten tin as a heat transfer and liquid medium in a bubble column reactor. Here, KIT scientists have applied their expertise in liquid metal research and technology. In the Innovation Award winning process, methane gas is continuously fed into a liquid metal column from the bottom, which is kept at a temperature of up to 1,200 degrees Celsius, and rises as a bubble swarm. The gas in the bubbles very quickly reaches the reaction temperature so that pyrolysis reaction takes place. "The bubbles open up on the surface of the liquid tin and release the gaseous hydrogen and carbon," says Wetzel. "The carbon occurs as micro-granular powder that is easy to separate from the gas stream and easy to handle."

The new technology is now for the first time enabling continuous operation of a reactor for methane cracking. A conversion rate as high as 78 percent has been proven on a laboratory scale. The groups of scientists are currently working on further optimizing and scaling the process to pilot level.

Producing synthetic fuels from renewable energy sources inexpensively is also an important element for the energy transformation. Huge systems are required to produce synthetic gasoline, kerosene, diesel and natural gas. Ineratec, a KIT spin-off, builds chemical reactors that are so compact that the assembled system fits in a shipping container and can be used anywhere. At the 2018 German Gas Industry Innovation Award ceremony the young company was honored with a special award for the most innovative startup.

The German Gas Industry Innovation Award

Every two years, the associations of the German gas industry present the German Gas Industry Innovation Award organized by the Association for the Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Use of Energy (ASUE). Award partners of ASUE are the German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water (DVGW), the Association of the German Energy and Water Industry (BDEW) as well as the Zukunft Erdgas industry initiative. The awards are presented in four categories; the project from KIT and IASS on methane cracking was a winner in the "Research & Development" category. INERATEC was honored with a new special award for innovative startups.

Detailed caption: The experimental reactor for methane cracking is a 1.2-meter-high device made from quartz and stainless steel which contains molten tin. In the reactor, cracking takes place in methane bubbles as they rise up. The reactor is part of KALLA (KArlsruhe Liquid Metal LAboratory) where various technologies for the use of liquid metals are developed. (Photo: Amadeus Bramsiepe, KIT)

More about the KIT Energy Center: http://www.energie.kit.edu External Link

Hat-tip: Die kalte Sonne.



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Tacking the vector of Xylella fastidiosa : geo-statistical analysis of long-term field observations on host plants influencing the distribution of Phylaenus spumarius nymphs

Abstract

The meadow froghopper, Philaenus spumarius L., is endemic in Italy and was not considered a harmful species until 2014, when the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) showed up in Apulia (southern Italy). It was immediately suspected and then verified as the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa, the bacterium responsible for the disease. Currently, EU Directives consider the fight against P. spumarius compulsory in member states and recommend Integrated Pest Management (IPM), both in uncultivated and cultivated infested areas, to minimise the environmental impact of chemical pesticides. This should be based on an improved knowledge of the vector with its seasonal trends and feeding habits linked to specific herbaceous species. In this context, our field study was aimed to improve the understanding of the vector nutritional behaviour, especially at its critical nymph stage, by monitoring its presence on different herbaceous target species, using its typical feeding foams as key indicator. The study area was in Lazio region (central Italy), dedicated to olive growing and still unaffected by the X. fastidiosa plague. Over two years, during the nymph development period, field data have been acquired over the test area and then analysed by coupling statistical (ANOVA), geographical information system (GIS) and geo-referenced field sampling approaches. Results highlighted that P. spumarius exhibits significant preferences for specific herbaceous plants, especially at its early development stages, detectable by tenuous spittle. This indicates female oviposition activity, which seems also not influenced by olive tree proximity. Furthermore, the non-host plant species identified here could be suitable for creating green barriers for limiting the vector diffusion to contiguous areas where sensible plantations are growing. In the final section, applied implications arising from the present findings for P. spumarius population management are discussed.



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Tuesday, January 8, 2019

Global Warming Brings Deadly Snowfall to Germany and Austria

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Guest essay by Eric Worrall Because climate scientists predicted all along that global warming = more snow. Austria Avalanche: How much more snow will fall? HUGE snowstorm hits Austria and Germany AVALANCHES caused by heavy snow fall in parts of the Alps have resulted in the deaths of at least seven people. But how much…

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Endodontics

What opinions do Saudi endodontic residents hold about regenerative endodontics?
Saeed S Al Qahtani, Salman Aziz, Hmoud Al Garni, Mohammed Sulmain Alaenazi

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):1-7

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the opinions, current knowledge, and expectations of Saudi endodontic residents regarding the use of regenerative endodontics as part of future dental treatment and establishing a baseline for further research and development. Materials and Methods: Saudi endodontic residents all over Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were contacted, for participation. A survey form consisting of 28 questions was personally distributed to all endodontic residents who were actively enrolled in a residency training program either Saudi board program or Master Degree and provided informed consent for inclusion into the study. Data were collected and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22. Results: Out of one hundred and fifteen endodontic residents 97 participated in this questionnaire-based survey. Two forms were excluded due to incomplete and unclear information. Out of the remaining 95 majority of the residents were male (67.4%) and belonged to Saudi board program. The greater part of residents agreed for the inclusion of regenerative endodontics in the dental curricula. Most of the candidates wanted to improve their skills in regenerative endodontics by participating in continuing dental education programs. The most popular belief (n = 81) was that regenerative therapy to save teeth is better than implants. Use of regenerative procedures in clinics was carried out by only 44 participants. Conclusion: The emerging importance of regenerative endodontics in KSA is evident through this study. This study highlights many core issues which need attention and forms a baseline for further research in regenerative endodontics.


Removal ability of MTA-, bioceramic-, and resin-based sealers from obturated root canals, following XP-endo® Finisher R file: An ex vivo study
Taxiarchis G Kontogiannis, Nikolaos P Kerezoudis, Konstantinos Kozyrakis, Elefterios Terry. R. Farmakis

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):8-13

Aim: Removability assessment of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-, bioceramic-, and epoxy resin-based sealers, with or without XP-endo® Finisher R file, was achieved. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted single-rooted premolars were randomly organized into three equal groups, instrumented up to #40.04 and obturated with single-cone technique by gutta-percha and one of the following sealers: MTA Fillapex, TotalFill BC Sealer, or AH Plus. Following setting of the sealer, D-RaCe instruments were used in retreating all specimens. In half of the specimens, XP-endo® Finisher R file was additionally applied following D-RaCe, as a final step in retreatment. Working length (WL) following the procedure and patency were recorded. All specimens were split and observed for residuals under optical microscopy. Images were acquired, placed adjacent to each other forming continuous strips, and focus stacked with Helicon Focus software. A blinded observer evaluated all photographs. Analysis included Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA. Results: WL was fully regained in all cases. Patency regaining (in terms of canal cleanness) was easier in AH Plus groups. Residuals were significantly more in TotalFill groups (P < 0.0001). XP-endo® Finisher R file improved removal only in the AH Plus subgroup. Conclusions: TotalFill residuals were harder to remove than those from MTA Fillapex or AH Plus groups. Patency is also harder to regain. XP-endo® Finisher R file had a positive removal influence only in the AH Plus subgroup.


Restorative methods to rehabilitate endodontically treated posterior teeth by students and new graduates of King Saud University: A survey study
Sahar A AlZain

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):14-20

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of dental students and new graduates of College of Dentistry, King Saud University, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to select the appropriate methods of restoring endodontically treated posterior teeth (ETPT) at different conditions of remaining sound tooth structure. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed among the 4th- and 5th-year dental students and new graduates. Respondents were requested to indicate their gender and level of education and to select the preferred restoration of ETPT at different conditions. Results were analyzed using one-way frequency and two-way cross-tabulations. Results: At >50% tooth remaining (condition A), 39.9% of the respondents preferred to use an amalgam restoration, while 30.9% preferred to use a restoration followed by a crown at 50% of remaining tooth (condition B). At <50% tooth remaining (condition C), 74.6% preferred to use a cast post-and-core and a crown. Respondents changed their choices of restoration to more advanced ones when teeth served as abutments for fixed or removable prostheses. Chi-square analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the selected restorative method at condition A and both gender (P = 0.045) and level of education (P = 0.001), between the method of restoration at condition B and both the gender (P = 0.000) and the level of education (P = 0.003), and between the selected restorative method at condition C and the level of education (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Respondents demonstrated a high knowledge when selecting the appropriate method of restoring ETPT at different clinical conditions.


Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of rotary and reciprocating nickel-titanium single file instruments on simulated root canals
Arvind Kumar, A Sheerin Sarthaj

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):21-26

Introduction: Effective cleaning of the root canal system is the primary objective of rotary instrumentation. For three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system, ideal preparation should have a continuously tapering funnel shape from the orifice to the apex. The study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of two rotary and two reciprocating nickel-titanium (NiTi) single-file instruments on simulated root canals using image analysis software. Materials and Methods: Forty resin blocks with simulated canals of 30° curvature were divided into four experimental groups containing ten samples in each group. The canals were prepared using Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), WaveOne (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), OneShape (Micro-Mega, Besancon, France), and F360 (Komet, Brasseler, Lemgo, Germany) size 25 NiTi systems using X Smart Plus (Dentsply). Pre- and post-preparation canals were photographed in a standardized manner and were superimposed. The inner and outer walls of canal curvature were evaluated to determine the most significant change using the image analysis software. Results: The amount of resin removed from the inner walls was less with rotary single-file NiTi systems when compared with reciprocating. Preparation time was less with rotary instruments. No instrument separation was noted. All instrument systems maintained the original canal curvature. Conclusion: Rotary single-file systems maintained the canal curvature better than reciprocating single-file systems.


Sodium hypochlorite use, storage, and delivery methods: A Survey
Sumaya O Basudan

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):27-33

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) delivery and storage methods by general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists. Materials and Methods: A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed to academic, governmental, and private dental centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of questions related to the concentration, duration, volume, delivery methods of NaOCl irrigation, storage materials, and conditions. Results: Of the 261 dentists that responded, 63.2% were GDPs, 21.8% were endodontists, and 14.9% were advanced restorative specialists. A NaOCl concentration of 2.5%–5% was the most commonly selected (52.7%), 37.2% used 5–10 ml for irrigation of each canal and 44.8% performed irrigation for <1 min. Dentists who used higher concentrations reported longer irrigation durations. Irrigant delivery by needles and a syringe was reported by 83.9% of respondents, but only 5.7% applied irrigation activation methods. Regarding storage conditions, 40% used clear containers, and 75.5% stored it at room temperature. Endodontists used significantly higher concentrations, longer durations, and activated the irrigant more than GDPs. Conclusion: The most commonly used NaOCl concentration is 2.5%–5%. The storage conditions of NaOCl and use of activation methods need to be improved. In addition, practices of specialists differed from those of GDPs with regard to concentrations, duration of irrigation, storage of NaOCl, and use of irrigation adjuncts. 


Triple antibiotic paste versus propolis: A clinical quest for the reliable treatment of periapical lesions in primary molars
DV Divya, Madu Ghanashyam Prasad, Ambati Naga Radhakrishna, Rayala Venkata Sandeep, Suravarapu Pavani Reddy, K V. K. Santosh Kumar

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):34-39

Background: Teeth with infected root canals, particularly those in which the infection has reached the periradicular tissues, require effective treatment interventions to save the tooth. Lesion sterilization concept (lesion sterilization and tissue repair [LSTR]) was successful in treating periapical polymicrobial infection, but this poses a risk of development of antimicrobial resistance. Aim: The present study evaluated and compared both clinically and radiographically the healing abilities of Propolis liquid (natural therapeutic agent)-mixed Endoflas powder with LSTR (allopathic combination) for the management of periapical lesions in primary molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 selected primary molars were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each: Group 1 – Propolis liquid-mixed Endoflas powder and Group 2 – LSTR (3Mix). Follow-up after 3, 6, and 12 months was done to evaluate progress in clinical and radiographic parameters. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. McNemar's test was applied between the time points in each group. Comparison of Group 1 with Group 2 was done using Chi-square test. Results: At the end of 12th-month follow-up, the overall clinical and radiographic success rate for Group 1 was 100%, whereas for Group 2, it was 93% and 60%, respectively. The difference in the radiographic success rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, Propolis liquid-mixed Endoflas powder combination has shown better results than LSTR. This novel combination of Propolis liquid-mixed Endoflas powder can, therefore, be considered as the material of choice for pulpectomy in deciduous molars with extensive involvement of pulp and periradicular tissues.


The knowledge and attitude of general dental practitioners toward the proper standards of care while managing endodontic patients in Saudi Arabia
Dania F Bogari, Nouran A Alzebiani, Rowaina M Mansouri, Faris G Aljiaid, Mohunned A Alghamdi, Majed Almalki, Khalid Merdad, Turki Y Alhazzazi

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):40-50

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of general dental practitioners (GDPs) toward performing the proper standards of care while managing patients undergoing endodontic treatment in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: An e-questionnaire was distributed among GDPs in Saudi Arabia (n = 650). The e-questionnaire questions covered the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and performance of GDPs toward practicing the proper standards of endodontic treatment in their clinic. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and the relationships between categorical variables were established using Chi-square test. Results: Most of the participants reported obtaining full medical history before root canal treatment (RCT, 82.3%; P < 0.05). However, only 12.2% of the participants regularly measure the blood pressure for their patients before starting RCT. Only 56.3% of the participated dentists are applying rubber dam isolation during RCT, while 24.2% believe that partial isolation is sufficient for such a procedure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 42.8% of the surveyed GDPs use cold test to confirm the endodontic diagnosis, while 55.5% think that percussion is a reliable method for diagnosis (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, 37.3% of the dentists still prefer leaving the tooth open for pain relief and drainage in abscess cases. Finally, only 28.7% of the participants mentioned performing regular follow-up after RCT. Conclusions: Our data show a clear deficiency in the standards of care provided by GDPs when performing RCT in Saudi Arabia. We hope that this publication will help highlight key areas where lack of knowledge and poor attitude exist while performing RCT by the GDPs in Saudi, thereby helping to raise treatment standards and improve treatment outcomes.


Effect of applying metal artifact reduction algorithm in cone beam computed tomography in detection of vertical root fractures of teeth with metallic post versus digital intraoral radiography
Islam Shawky Shaker, Nashwa Salah Mohamed, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelsamad

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):51-55

Background: Conventional radiographs are not an efficient diagnostic imaging modality to detect vertical root fracture. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a three-dimensional imaging modality that overcomes the limitations of conventional radiography in the detection of vertical root fractures (VRFS), although metallic structures produce artifacts in the produced images and since most of the teeth with VRF are endodontically treated and have metallic posts in root canal so fracture detection may be difficult. Aim: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT using metal artifact reduction algorithm in detection of VRF of teeth with metallic posts compared to digital intraoral radiography. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty single-rooted extracted human teeth were endodontically treated then placed in an acrylic block and metallic posts were inserted. The teeth roots were divided into two groups; one with induced VRF and the other having intact roots. Then, each tooth was coded and imaged three times using CBCT with and without metal artifact reduction algorithm and digital periapical radiography. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: Digital periapical radiography showed statistically significantly lower diagnostic accuracy than CBCT modalities (P ≤ 0.05). The use of metal artifact reduction algorithm improved the diagnostic accuracy from CBCT1 to CBCT2 but with no statistically significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: From the study, we can conclude that in case of presence of metallic posts, CBCT with metal artifact reduction algorithm can improve detection of VRF.


Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of a complicated crown-root fracture
Badi B Alotaibi

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):56-60

Complicated crown-root fractures are uncommon type of dental trauma but usually result in significant esthetic and functional problems to those affected. This case report demonstrates sequential endodontic, restorative, orthodontic, periodontal, and prosthodontic modalities for the conservative management of a complicated crown-root fracture of the maxillary left central incisor in a young patient. After root canal treatment and core buildup, the tooth was extruded using forced orthodontic eruption for 8 weeks and retention for 7 weeks. Zinc phosphate cement acrylic crown was used to preserve esthetics and function during the forced eruption and retention period.


A combined management of a rare case of a maxillary lateral incisor with accessory root and deep mesio-radicular groove
Safura Anita Baharin, Masfueh Razali

Saudi Endodontic Journal 2019 9(1):61-65

This case report describes the combined nonsurgical endodontic retreatment and surgical intervention of a failed root canal treatment associated with a maxillary lateral incisor with an accessory root and deep mesio-radicular groove. A 42-year-old female Malay patient presented with persistent infection associated with deep mesial pocket from her maxillary left lateral incisor (#22). The medical history was noncontributory and the tooth was previously root treated. Following comprehensive clinical and radiographic examination, a combined nonsurgical endodontic retreatment and surgical management of tooth #22 were carried out. The inability to debride the periodontal defect necessitates the amputation of the accessory root, and surgical debridement of the deep radicular groove was carried out. The clinical and radiographic examination 1 year after completion of treatment revealed evidence of healing. The early recognition of root and canal variation, correct diagnosis, and appropriate management of tooth with accessory root and deep radicular groove is essential to ensure favorable treatment outcome.


Reduction of CO2 with H2S in a simulated deep-sea hydrothermal vent system

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Chem. Commun., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC08075E, Communication
Runtian He, Baoyun Hu, Heng Zhong, Fangming Jin, Junjie Fan, Yun Hang Hu, Zhenzi Jing
CO2 can be reduced to organic molecules, such as formic and acetic acids in a yield of approximately 67% with metal sulfides catalysts, using H2S as a reductant and with SxOy2− as oxidative products in a simulated hydrothermal vent system. These results are significant for understanding abiotic organic synthesis from dissolved CO2 in deep sea hydrothermal vents.
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