Objective: To determine whether esophagectomy provides a survival advantage in octogenarians with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer. Summary Background Data: Elderly patients with thoracic esophageal cancer do not always receive the full standard treatment; however, advanced age alone should not preclude the use of effective treatment that could meaningfully improve survival. Methods: We retrieved the 2008 to 2011 data from the National Database of Hospital-based Cancer Registries from the National Cancer Centerin Japan, divided the patients into a ≥75 group (75–79 years; n = 2935) and a ≥80 group (80 years or older; n = 2131), and then compared the patient backgrounds and survival curves. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was developed to compare the effects of esophagectomy and chemoradiotherapy in the 2 groups. Results: A significantly greater percentage of patients were treated with esoph-agectomy in the ≥75 group (34.6%) than the ≥80 group (18.4%). Among patients who received esophagectomy, the 3-year survival rate was 51.1% in the ≥ 75 group and 39.0% in the ≥80 group (P
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