Only 177 patients who underwent elective cataract surgery were included in the study. Surgery in patients was planned with at least moderate sedation. This target was determined to be a 5–6 on the Ramsay Sedation Scale. Before the procedure, a venous route from the forearm was used to administer midazolam for sedation. The sedative effect was evaluated 2–3 minutes after a 0.05 mg/kg dose of midazolam was given. Sedation was assessed again by giving 0.5 mg every 2–3 minutes until the desired level of sedation was achieved. Electrocardiographic recordings were taken just before and within the first 5 minutes after surgery. QT, QTc intervals, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc and frontal QRS-T angle measurements got from ECG recordings. There was no significant difference between all values measured before and after the procedure. As a result, providing sedanalgesia using midazolam does not cause any change in ECG markers showing ventricular repolarization. Th erefore, the use of midazolam is safe for developing cardiac arrhythmias.
Abstract
What is known and objective
Midazolam is one of the most commonly used drugs in procedures requiring sedoanalgesia. It affects the myocardium's ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Previous studies examining the arrhythmogenic effects of midazolam yielded conclusive results. These studies are based on QT and Tp -e distances. The frontal QRS-T angle (f-[QRS-T]a) is a new electro cardiac parameter that shows the heterogeneity of ventricular electrical activity. This study aims to examine the effect of midazolam on f-(QRS- T)a and other depolarization-repolarization parameters in patients who have had cataract surgery.
Methods
The study included 177 patients administered midazolam as a sedoanalgesia during cataract surgery. The sedative effect was evaluated 2–3 minutes after a 0.05 mg/kg dose of midazolam was given. Sedation was assessed again by giving 0.5 mg every 2–3 minutes until the desired level of sedation was achieved. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of all patients were taken just before and immediately after surgery. ECGs were used to calculate the QT interval, QTc interval, Tp -e interval, Tp -e/QT, Tp -e/ QTc ratios and f-(QRS-T)a.
Results and discussion
After cataract surgery, f-(QRS-T)a was unchanged compared to presurgery (29.14 ± 4.52 vs. 29.18 ± 5.39, p = 0.852). In addition, no significant change in QT(351.32 ± 21.98 vs. 351.94 ± 22.44, p = 0.091), QTc (384.05 ± 24.52 vs. 385.19 ± 26.12, p = 0.819), Tp -e interval (93.12 ± 9.60 vs. 94.44 ± 8.82, p = 0.179) and Tp -e/QT (0.27 ± 0.02 vs. 0.28 ± 0.03, p = 0.664), Tp -e/ QTc ratios (0.28 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.03, p = 0.655) was observed after surgery when compared to presurgery values. Significant ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias were not observed in any patient during the operation.
What is new and conclusion
Midazolam did not affect f -(QRS-T) with classical repolarization parameters in patients who underwent cataract surgery, according to this study. Midazolam has been found to be safe for the heart in sedoanalgesia. These results show that sedation with midazolam can be performed without electrocardiogram monitoring.
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