Sunday, April 10, 2022

Detection of human herpes virus 6 DNA and chromosomal integration after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective single center analysis

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Abstract

Introduction

Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) can reactivate after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods

The epidemiology of HHV-6 infections and their impact on outcome after allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed in 689 adult allo-HSCT recipients (January 2015-December 2018). Chromosomal integration of HHV-6 (ciHHV-6) in the donor was retrospectively investigated to critically evaluate antiviral treatment strategies.

Results

HHV-6 DNA in any specimen was found in 89 patients. HHV-6 infections (encephalitis (1), gastroenteritis (44), dermatitis (2), hepatitis (1) or pneumonitis (5)) were diagnosed in 53/689 patients (7.7%). Elevated levels of HHV-6 DNA were found in 38 patients (5.5%). CiHHV-6, analyzed in patients with HHV-6 viral loads ≥104 copies/mL, was identified in 4 patients (10/38 patients; 10.5%). Two of those displayed copy numbers of HHV-6 ranging from ≥ 2 × 105 to 2.5 × 106 copies/mL (HHV-6A). Here, ciHHV-6 was integrated into donor and not into the patients' cells. In this series of allo-HSCT recipients, 10.5% of patients with blood viral loads of HHV-6 showed ciHHV-6.

Conclusion

Screening of the donor for chromosomal integration of HHV-6 (ciHHV-6) before initiation of antiviral therapy is recommended.

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