| Message: Review Tumori
Jan-Feb 2018;104(1):9-14. doi: 10.5301/tj.5000673.
Significance of stroma in biology of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Vanja Vucicevic Boras 1 2, Aleksandra Fucic 3, Mihajlo Virag 4 5, Dragana Gabric 1, Igor Blivajs 4, Cedna Tomasovic-Loncaric 6, Zoran Rakusic 7 8, Vesna Bisof 7 9, Nicolas Le Novere 10, Danko Velimir Vrdoljak 11
Affiliations collapse
Affiliations
11 Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb - Croatia.
22 Dental Department, Clinical Hospital Centre "Zagreb", Zagreb - Croatia.
33 Independent Researcher, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb - Croatia.
44 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre "Dubrava", Zagreb - Croatia.
55 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb - Croatia.
66 Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Dubrava, Zagreb - Croatia.
77 Department of Oncology, Clinical Hospital Centre "Zagreb", Zagreb - Croatia.
88 Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb - Croatia.
99 Department for Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Osijek, Osijek - Croatia.
1010 Biomathematics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge - UK.
1111 Department for Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinic for Tumours, Clinical Hospital Centre "Sisters of Mercy", Zagreb - Croatia.
PMID: 28885677 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000673
Abstract
The worldwide annual incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is over 300,000 cases with a mortality rate of 48%. This cancer type accounts for 90% of all oral cancers, with the highest incidence in men over 50 years of age. A significantly increased risk of developing OSCC exists among smokers and people who consume alcohol daily. OSCC is an aggressive cancer that metastasizes rapidly. Despite the development of new therapies in the treatment of OSCC, no significant increase in 5-year survival has been recorded in the past decades. The latest research suggests focus should be put on examining tumor stroma activation within OSCC, as the stroma may contain cells that can produce signal molecules and a microenvironment crucial for the development of metastases. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the factors that activate OSCC stroma and hence faciliate neoplastic progression. It is based on the currently available data on the role and interaction between metal loproteinases, cytokines, growth factors, hypoxia factor and extracellular adhesion proteins in the stroma of OSCC and neoplastic cells. Their interplay is additionally presented using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation in order to sublimate the collected knowledge and enable the more efficient recognition of possible new biomarkers in the diagnostics and follow-up of OSCC or in finding new therapeutic targets.
Keywords: Biomarker; Cytokines; Estrogen receptor; OSCC; Stroma androgen receptor. |
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