Meibomian gland lipid secretion is important to the stability of the tear film and ocular surface comfort. Changes in the tear film's lipid layer thickness (LLT) after orthokeratology treatment may reflect underlying changes to the meibomian gland function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of the tear lipid layer in normal children and the effects of short-term orthokeratology treatment. Altogether, 163 myopic children (age: 10.7 ± 1.9 years, 8–15 years; 71 males) with no contact lens use history were enrolled in this study, of whom 56 were successfully fitted with orthokeratology lenses and completed the 1-month study. The tear film's LLT (average, maximum, and minimum) and blinking pattern were measured by a LipiView® interferometer in 163 participants at baseline and in 56 orthokeratology participants at 1 week and 1 month after overnight lens wear. Results show that LLT (average) was 58.09 ± 21.66 nm in Chinese normal children. LLT was significantly correlated with rate of partial blinks at every follow-up (all ). Compared to baseline, the LLT (average and minimum) and partial blinks (number and rate) at 1 week and 1 month after orthokeratology treatment both significantly increased, and the increase of LLT was correlated with elevation of rate of partial blinks. In conclusion, LLT was shown to be elevated after short-term overnight orthokeratology treatment and was related to change in rate of partial blinks. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term effect and the underlying mechanism.
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