Purpose We assessed the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in oncologic patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 100 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at a single center from October 2015 till May 2016. Quantitative CT (QCT) was used to assess BMD at the lumbar spine (BMDQCT) and femoral necks (BMDCTXA). SUVmax was used to evaluate metabolic activity of the bone marrow. Risk of osteoporosis-related fractures was calculated with femoral neck BMDCTXA and the FRAX algorithm, which was compared against measurements of CT attenuation of the trabecular bone at L1 (L1HU). Results Osteoporosis and osteopenia were respectively present in 16% and 46% of patients 50 years and older. Bone marrow SUVmax was correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine (ρ = 0.36, P
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