Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Allium Sativum, Calcium hydroxide and Their Combination as Intracanal Medicaments in Infected Mature Anterior Teeth A Randomized Clinical Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Allium Sativum, Calcium hydroxide and Their Combination as Intracanal Medicaments in Infected Mature Anterior Teeth A Randomized Clinical Trial via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effects of Allium Sativum (garlic extract), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2), and their combination as intracanal medicaments in infected mature anterior teeth using real-time PCR. Material& Methods This prospective double-blind, controlled, parallel, superiority, randomized clinical trial was carried out on sixty-six permanent, necrotic incisors associated with asymptomatic apical periodontitis in sixty-six male patients. Patients were randomly divided into three groups (n =22) according to the intra -canal medications used. After access preparation, four microbiological samples (S) were taken using sterile absorbent paper points as follows: S1: before canal instrumentation. S2: after cleaning and shaping. The third samples (S3) and fourth samples (S4) were taken after the placement of the tested intracanal medications into their corresponding canals for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Total DNA was extracted from microbiological samples and relative quantitative real time PCR reactions were done to quantify the relative gene expression fold change (FC) for Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus species. At significance level p ≤ 0.05, the data were statist ically analyzed in SPSS software using Kruskal-Wallis and Freidman's tests, followed by Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Results Both bacterial mean FC decreased significantly after mechanical instrumentation (S1 to S2) in all groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found after intra-canal medicament placement (from S2 to S3 and from S3 to S4) except in the garlic group. Garlic significantly reduced Enterococcus faecalis FC in S3 and S4 when compared to Ca (OH) 2 and Ca (OH) 2+ garlic combination. However, garlic and Ca (OH)2 reduced Streptococcus bacteria in S3 similarly. While in S4, garlic showed significantly more reduction than Ca (OH) 2. The combination of Ca (OH) 2 with garlic extract showed the least significant bacterial reduction. Conclusion within the study limitations, garlic intra-canal medicament has a comparable anti-Streptococcus efficiency to Ca (OH) 2, while it is more effective against Enterococcus faecalis species. When Ca (OH)2 and garlic are combined, their antibacterial effectiveness is reduced. Increasing the time of application for tested intracanal medicaments by more than one week has no additional antibacterial effectiveness. View on Web

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Increased sensitivity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to human serum is mediated by induction of a bacteriophage

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Increased sensitivity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to human serum is mediated by induction of a bacteriophage via Molecular Oral Microbiology Summary Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative oral pathobiont causing aggressive periodontitis and systemic infections demonstrates serum resistance. We have identified a dsDNA tailed bacteriophage S1249, which was found from this microorganism inducible by human serum to convert into lytic state to kill the bacterium. This phage demonstrated active transcripts when exposed to human serum: 20% of genes were up regulated greater than 10 folds and 45% of them were up regulated 5–10 folds, when the bacterium was grown in the presence of human serum compared to without. Transcriptional activation when grown in equine serum was less pronounced. This phage demonstrated a tail with the inner rigid tubes and outer contractile sheath, features of Myoviridae spp. Further characterization revealed that the lysogenized integration of the phage in the chromosome of A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred between the genes encoding for cold-shock DNA-binding domain-con taining protein (csp) and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (gltX). Both phage DNA integrated lysogeny and non-integrated pseudolysogeny were identified in the infected bacterium. A newly generated, lysogenized strain using this phage displayed similar attributes, including 63% growth inhibition compared to its isogenic phage-free strain when in the presence of human serum. Our data suggest that bacteriophage S1249 can be induced in the presence of human serum and enters the lytic cycle, which reduces the viability of infected bacteria in vivo. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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Masking ability of resin composites: Effect of the layering strategy and substrate color

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Masking ability of resin composites: Effect of the layering strategy and substrate color via Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of layering strategy and substrate color on the masking ability of resin composites. Materials and Methods A1-shaded specimens from Charisma Diamond and Filtek Z350XT were produced using different layering strategies. Color measurements were made by a reflectance spectrophotometer over A2, C2, A3.5, C3, C4 substrates. Color differences were calculated and interpreted by the 50%:50% perceptibility and acceptability visual thresholds. Data was analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn post hoc test. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between masking ability, and independent variables. Results Color differences were significantly lower on A2 and C2 in comparison with C4 for the majority of the layering strategies. Acceptable matches were observed on most of the combinations over A2. Moderately unacceptable mismatches were observed in most of the combinations over C2 and A3.5. Clearly unacceptable mismatches were observed on the C3 and C4. The ΔE 00 color shifts were predominantly influenced by ΔL 00 for all layering strategies and substrate colors. Conclusion Masking ability was affected by the layering strategy and substrate color. Acceptable masking was associated with A2 and C2, and with layering strategy composed of 0.5 mm enamel opacity and 1.0 mm dentin opacity thicknesses, using the Filtek Z350XT. Clinical Significance Resin composites—shade A1—applied by different layering strategies with a final thickness of 1.5 mm were able to mask mild and moderately discolored substrates. Severely discolored substrates were not masked effectively. View on Web

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The malignant property of circHIPK2 for angiogenesis and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The malignant property of circHIPK2 for angiogenesis and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer via ScienceDirect Publication: Experimental Cell Research Publication date: Available online 19 July 2022 Source: Experimental Cell Research Author(s): Mingming Ren, Xiang Song, Jieting Niu, Guojie Tang, Zhen Sun, Yanguang Li, Fanyi Kong View on Web

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Orthopedic Surgery Causes Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Orthopedic Surgery Causes Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study via Annals of Surgery - Most Popular Articles Objective: To investigate gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function changes after orthopedic surgery in elderly patients with either normal cognition (NC) or a prodromal Alzheimer disease phenotype (pAD) comprising either subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Background: Homeostatic disturbances induced by surgical trauma and/or stress can potentially alter the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in elderly patients before and after orthopedic surgery. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 135 patients were subject to preoperative neuropsychological assessment and then classified into: NC (n=40), SCD (n=58), or aMCI (n=37). Their gut microbiota, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), tight junction (TJ) protein, and inflammatory cytokines in blood were measured before surgery and on postsurgical day 1, 3, and 7 (or before discharge). Results: The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria were lower while the gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide and TJ were higher preoperatively in both the SCD and aMCI (pAD) groups compared with the NC group. After surgery, a decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria, and an increase in both gram-negative bacteria and plasma claudin were significant in the pAD groups relative to the NC group. SCFA-producing bacteria were negatively correlated with TJ and cytokines in pAD patients on postsurgical day 7. Furthermore, surgery-induced perioperative metabolic stress and inflammatory responses were associated with gut microbiota alterations. Conclusions: Surgery exacerbates both preexisting microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction in pAD patients, all of which may be associated with systemic inflammation and, in turn, may lead to further cognitive deterioration. View on Web

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NUT carcinoma of the mandible in a child: case report and systematic review

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader NUT carcinoma of the mandible in a child: case report and systematic review via International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery via MedWorm.com This report illustrates the management of mandibular NUT carcinoma in a pediatric patient, complemented by a systematic review of head and neck NUT carcinoma. A 5-year-old female presented with an enlarging jaw mass that was diagnosed as BRD4-NUTM1 carcinoma and was treated with hemimandibulectomy and chemoradiation. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) View on Web

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Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution, genetic susceptibility and risk of dementia

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution, genetic susceptibility and risk of dementia via International Journal of Epidemiology - Advance Access Abstract BackgroundWe aimed to assess the association between low-level air pollution and the risk of dementia, and examine the modification effect by genetic susceptibility on the relationship. Methods A total of 164 447 participants who were free of dementia at baseline and aged ≥60 years were included. Annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameters of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) were evaluated using the Land Use Regression models. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between air pollutants and incident dementia. Results The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of dementia for a 5-μg/m3 increase in NO2 was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05–1.14); the adjusted HR of dementia for a 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was 1.10 (1.04–1.17). Such significant associations were present even within concentration ranges well below the present World Health Organization, US and European annual mean limit values. In addition, higher PM2.5 absorbance, a marker closely related to motorized traffic, was associated with higher risk of dementia. We found the risk of dementia associated with a combination of air pollutants (NO2 or PM2.5) and high genetic susceptibility (APOE-ε4 alleles or overall genetic susceptibility) was greater than the addition of the risk associated with each individual factor, indicating significant interactions on an additive scale (all P-interaction < 0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure to PM2.5 or NO2, even at relatively low levels, is associated with a higher risk of dementia. Air pollution may additively interact with the genetic susceptibility on dementia risk. View on Web

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Outcomes of Bebtelovimab and Sotrovimab Treatment of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 during the Omicron Epoch

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Outcomes of Bebtelovimab and Sotrovimab Treatment of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 during the Omicron Epoch via Transplant Infectious Disease Abstract Background : Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) are at high-risk for severe infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Anti-spike monoclonal antibodies are currently utilized under emergency use authorization to prevent hospitalization in high-risk individuals with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including SOTRs. However, clinical data for bebtelovimab, the sole currently available anti-spike monoclonal antibody for COVID-19, is limited. Methods : We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult SOTRs diagnosed with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 from January 2022 through May 2022 who received either bebtelovimab or sotrovimab. The primary outcome was COVID-19-related hospitalization within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. Results : Among 361 SOTRs, 92 (25.5%) received bebtelovimab and 269 (74.5%) received sotrovimab. The most common organ transplant was kidney (42.4%). SOTRs who received bebtelovimab had a higher proportion who had received a booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose and had received their last vaccination dose more recently. Eleven (3.0%) SOTRs were hospitalized, and rates of hospitalization were similar between monoclonal antibody groups (3.3% versus 3.0%; p>0.99). Three patients required admission to an intensive care unit, all who received sotrovimab. Four (1.1%) patients died within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis, two from each group. Conclusions : SOTRs with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who received bebtelovimab had similar rates of COVID-19-related hospitalization as those who received sotrovimab. While differences in vaccination rates and viral subvariants could act as confounders, bebtelovimab appears to be of similar effectiveness as sotrovimab. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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How flu-like syndromes contribute to termination of weekly rifapentine-based TB preventive therapy is still poorly predictable

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader How flu-like syndromes contribute to termination of weekly rifapentine-based TB preventive therapy is still poorly predictable via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access View on Web

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Gestational Weight Gain and Birth Outcomes: A Comparison of Methods to Account for Gestational Age

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Gestational Weight Gain and Birth Outcomes: A Comparison of Methods to Account for Gestational Age via American Journal of Epidemiology - Advance Access Abstract Cross-sectional studies of total gestational weight gain (GWG) and perinatal outcomes have used different approaches to operationalize GWG and adjust for gestational duration. Using birth records from California (2007-2017), Nevada (2010-2017), and Oregon (2008-2017) we compared three commonly used approaches to estimate associations between GWG and cesarean delivery (C-section), small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW)]: (1) the Institute of Medicine r ecommended GWG ranges at a given gestational week, (2) total weight gain categories directly adjusting for gestational age as a covariate, and (3) weight-gain-for-gestational-age z-scores derived from an external longitudinal reference population. Among 5,461,130 births, the three methods yielded similar conclusions for C-section and SGA. However, for LBW, some associations based on z-scores were in the opposite direction of methods 1 and 2, paradoxically suggesting higher GWG increases risk of LBW. This was due to a greater proportion of preterm births among those with high z-scores, and controlling for gestational age in the z-score model brought the results in line with the other methods. We conclude that the use of externally-derived GWG z-scores based on ongoing pregnancies can yield associations confounded by duration of pregnancy when the outcome is strongly associated with gestational age at delivery. View on Web

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