Sarcopenia at the infrahyoid level as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced-stage non-virus-related head and neck carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Sarcopenia at the infrahyoid level as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced-stage non-virus-related head and neck carcinoma Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Oct 25. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07147-z. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the infrahyoid skeletal muscle index (IHSMI) can be used instead of the L3 skeletal muscle index (L3SMI) to define sarcopenia and predict prognosis in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LHNSCC). METHODS: Patients treated for LHNSCC between January 2009 and April 2018 were assessed. The muscular area at the L3 transverse process and infrahyoid was contoured on absorption-corrected computed tomography prior to treatment. Sarcopenia based on L3SMI (S-L) was defined as values of < 52.4 cm2/m2 for men and < 38.5 cm2/m2 for women. Sarcopenia based on IHSMI (S-I) was determined via receiver operating curve analysis. Overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: In total, 101 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 19 months (range 3-101 month). S-L and S-I were identified in 74 (73.3%) and 56 patients (55.4%), respectively. The 5-year OS rate did not differ between patients with and without S-L (64.9% vs. 79.2%, p = 0.635), whereas the rate was lower in patients with S-I than without S-I (57.1% vs. 93.0%, p = 0.006). Similarly, the 5-year CSS rate did not differ between patients with and without S-L (77.0% vs. 82.3%, p = 0.523), but the rate was lower in patients with S-I (61.2% vs. 93.0%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment S-I, but not S-L, was a good predictor of OS and CSS in patients with LHNSCC. PMID:34697649 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07147-z View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Epithelial component and intraepithelial lymphocytes of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in healthy children

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Epithelial component and intraepithelial lymphocytes of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in healthy children Via Cellular and Molecular Biology Histol Histopathol. 2021 Oct 26:18385. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-385. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) plays a key role in protecting the eye surface by initiating and regulating immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate in healthy children the proportion of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), the degree of viability and/or apoptosis and cell proliferation in three different topographic areas of the conjunctiva. Superior tarsal, superior bulbar, and inferior tarsal-bulbarfornix conjunctival cells were collected by brush cytology (BC) from 24 healthy paediatric subjects (13 boys and 11 girls, mean age 6±2 years) who were to undergo strabismus correction surgery under general anaesthesia. Subsequently, these cells were analysed phenotypically and functionally by flow cytometry (FC). Flow cytometry analysis showed that not all the cells obtained by BC were of the epithelial lineage, but that there was a population of CD45+ cells (IELs) regularly present in the conjunctiva of healthy children. These IELs were mostly T-lymphocytes (CD3+) and B-lymphocytes (CD19+), with higher levels of T-lymphocytes (CD3+) in the upper areas than in the inferior tarsal-bulbar-fornix, where the highest levels of B-lymphocytes (CD19+) were found. In the apoptosis assay, two groups of cell populations were differentiated by cell size and complexity (cytoplasmic granularity), with more complex cells predominating in the upper areas of the conjunctiva and less complex cells being more abundant in the inferior tarsal-bulbar-fornix. Finally, the proliferative capacity of the conjunctival epithelium was significantly higher in the upper tarsal zone than in the rest of the zones analysed. These results suggest that the epithelial component and the IELs of CALT are also regularly present in the conjunctiva of the healthy child, varying in phenotype, viability and cell proliferation accord ing to the different conjunctival regions analysed, which could lead us to believe that each conjunctival zone plays a different, specific role in the regulation of the immune response at the ocular level. PMID:34698365 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-385 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients with distant metastases

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients with distant metastases Via radioactive iodine Endocrine. 2021 Oct 26. doi: 10.1007/s12020-021-02906-8. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSES: Distant metastasis from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is extremely rare and the long-term outcomes and independent prognostic factors remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and evaluate the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of PTMC patients with distant metastases (DM) who underwent surgery and radioactive iodine (< sup>131I) treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 13,441 patients with thyroid cancer (including 1697 cases with PTMC) who underwent 131I treatment at our institution between January 2008 and December 2019. PTMC patients with distant metastases with sufficient clinical follow-up data were enrolled in this cohort study. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic factors were assessed by Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS: Thirty-three PTMC patients with DM were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up was 75 months (range: 5-151 months). The 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 96.97 and 81.41%, respectively, and the 5-year and 10-year PFS rates were 90.46 and 69.68%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex (P = 0.005), radioactive iodine refractory PTMC (P = 0.033), and symptomatic DM (P = 0.022) were significantly associated with worse 10-year PFS in PTMC patients with DM. No independent predictor related to poor 10-year OS was found in the present study. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of PTMC patients becomes worse after the development of DM. Male sex, radioactive iodine refractory PTMC, and symptomatic DM were identified as independent factors associated with PFS. PMID:34699028 | DOI:10.1007/s12020-021-02906-8 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Establishment and characterization of two human cutaneous angiosarcoma cell lines, KU‐CAS3 and KU‐CAS5

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Establishment and characterization of two human cutaneous angiosarcoma cell lines, KU‐CAS3 and KU‐CAS5 Via Head & Neck Abstract Background Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare but fatal cancer. Established CAS cell lines are necessary for the investigation of their properties and treatment options. Methods Two cell lines, KU-CAS3 and KU-CAS5, were established from human angiosarcoma specimens obtained from the scalp. Flow cytometric assay, tube formation assay, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake assay, immunofluorescence analysis, real-time PCR, tumorigenesis assay, and STR analysis were conducted. Results The cells showed endothelial cell properties, based on the cobblestone appearance upon reaching confluence, CD31 positivity, tube-formation activity, active uptake of acetylated LDL, and vWF expression. The two cell lines expressed relatively high levels of adrenergic β2 receptor, and the VEGF1 and VEGF2 receptors. In the in vivo study, the growing neoplasms, confirmed as CAS, were identified as subcutaneous dark papules. KU-CAS cell lines were considered authentic based on STR profiling. Conclusions KU-CAS3 and KU-CAS5 are the first human CAS cell lines having tumorigenic potential in vivo. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Reduced hepcidin expression enhances iron overload in patients with HbE/β-thalassemia: Α comparative cross-sectional study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Reduced hepcidin expression enhances iron overload in patients with HbE/β-thalassemia: Α comparative cross-sectional study Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1402. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10838. Epub 2021 Oct 4. ABSTRACT Iron homeostasis is regulated by hepcidin (HEPC) that controls the dietary iron absorption and iron recycling. HEPC deficiency contributes to iron overload in β-thalassemia patients. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between HEPC concentration and serum iron status among hemoglobin E (HbE)/β-thalassemia patients and their parents (HbE trait and β-thalassemia trait) compared with healthy controls. This study is a comparative cross-sectional study in which iron profile and HEPC level were examined in 65 HbE/β-thalassemia patients (pretransfusion) and 65 parents at the Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah and in 130 students as healthy controls from Univesiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Furthermore, six samples from each group (HbE/β-thalassemia patients, parents and healthy controls) were randomly selected for gene expression analysis of HEPC and ferroportin1 (FPN1) using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated that serum HEPC level were significantly decreased in HbE/β-thalassemia patients and their parents (P<0.001) compared with healthy controls. In addition, the gene expression analysis showed a dramatically downregulated HEPC in HbE/β-thalassemia patients and their parents (P=0.001) compared with healthy controls. However, there was a marked upregulation of FPN1 in HbE/β-thalassemia patients and their parents (P=0.001) compared with healthy controls. Iron profiling results revealed a significantly increased serum ferritin in HbE/β-thalassemia patients and their parents compared with healthy controls (P<0.001). In summary, the present study demonstrated that HEPC expression level and serum level were significantly decreased in HbE/β-thalassemia patients and their parents, which was combined with a marked increased FPN1 expression level and serum ferriti n level compared with healthy volunteers. These findings supported the hypothesis that downregulated HEPC could lose its function as a negative regulator of FPN1, resulting in iron overload in HbE/β-thalassemia patients. Subsequently, assessing HEPC and FPN1 gene expression may be a useful tool to determine the risk of iron toxicity in patients with HbE/β-thalassemia and their parents, and could therefore be considered as a therapeutic target in the management of iron burden in these patients. PMID:34675995 | PMC:PMC8524734 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10838 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

MicroRNA-503 suppresses cell proliferation and invasion in osteosarcoma via targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader MicroRNA-503 suppresses cell proliferation and invasion in osteosarcoma via targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1409. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10845. Epub 2021 Oct 6. ABSTRACT [This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4648.]. PMID:34676002 | PMC:PMC8524707 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10845 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Overexpression of circAtp9b in ulcerative colitis is induced by lipopolysaccharides and upregulates PTEN to promote the apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Overexpression of circAtp9b in ulcerative colitis is induced by lipopolysaccharides and upregulates PTEN to promote the apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1404. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10840. Epub 2021 Oct 4. ABSTRACT It has been reported that knockdown of circular RNA (circ) ATPase class II type 9B (Atp9b) can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, which plays a notable role in ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study aimed to explore the role of circAtp9b in UC. The expression levels of Atp9b and PTEN in the plasma of patients with UC (n=60) and healthy controls (n=60) were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Overexpression of circAtp9b and PTEN were achieved in human colonic epithelial cells (HCnEpCs) to explore the relationship between circAtp9b and PTEN. The role of circAtp9b and PTEN in regulating the apoptosis of HCnEpCs under LPS treatment was evaluated using flow cytometry. The present study revealed that circAtp9b was upregulated in UC and that it was positively correlated with PTEN. In HCnEpCs, LPS treatment result ed in upregulation of circAtp9b in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of circAtp9b mediated the upregulation of PTEN in HCnEpCs, while silencing of circAtp9b decreased the expression levels of PTEN. Apoptosis analysis demonstrated that overexpression of circAtp9b and PTEN promoted the apoptosis of HCnEpCs. In addition, silencing of circAtp9b suppressed apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of PTEN reduced the effects of silencing of circAtp9b. In conclusion, overexpression of circAtp9b in UC was induced by LPS and it positively upregulated PTEN to promote the apoptosis of HCnEpCs induced by LPS. PMID:34675997 | PMC:PMC8524737 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10840 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies an RS1 variant in a Chinese family with X-linked retinoschisis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Whole-exome sequencing identifies an <em>RS1</em> variant in a Chinese family with X-linked retinoschisis Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1406. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10842. Epub 2021 Oct 5. ABSTRACT A notable behavioural feature of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is extensive structural schisis (splitting) of the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers of the neurosensory retina, which is partly combined with complications related to vitreous hemorrhage, macular holes and retinal detachment. The present study aimed to identify the pathogenic gene mutation in a three-generation Chinese family with XLRS by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The clinical information of a three-generation Chinese family with cases of XLRS was collected. WES was performed for the proband. A comparison with the human reference genome sequence (hg38) and bioinformatic analysis were performed to reveal putative variants and Sanger sequencing was applied to verify mutations in this family and healthy control participants. Intraretinal cystic spaces were detected by optical coherence tomography imaging. Structures of the wild-type and mutant retinoschisin 1 (RS1) protein were modelled by PyMol. Almost all patients had a history of vision loss and abnormal blue-purple colour vision; however, the phenotypes of the 4 patients were distinctly different. There was no linear correlation between phenotypic severity and age. A recurrent RS1 (Xp22.2) mutation (NM_000330: c.559C>T) was detected, resulting in the p.Q187X variant. According to the protein model, this variant is likely pathogenic. The present study was the first to report that RS1:c.559C>T induces XLRS in a three-generation Chinese pedigree, with the mutation leading to premature termination of translation of the RS1 protein. WES was able to diagnose XLRS, which has the characteristics of clinical and genetic heterogeneity. PMID:34675999 | PMC:PMC8524742 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10842 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

High glucose induces HSP47 expression and promotes the secretion of inflammatory factors through the IRE1α/XBP1/HIF-1α pathway in retinal Müller cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader High glucose induces HSP47 expression and promotes the secretion of inflammatory factors through the IRE1α/XBP1/HIF-1α pathway in retinal Müller cells Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1411. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10847. Epub 2021 Oct 7. ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of blindness globally. Müller cells are key players in diabetes-associated retinal inflammation and dysfunction. However, the pathological changes of Müller cells in response to high glucose (HG) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the key role of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in HG-induced unfolded protein and inflammatory responses. Primary mouse Müller cells were starved in serum-free DMEM overnight and then treated with HG (30 mM) for 0, 6, 12 or 24 h. It was observed that HG (30 mM) significantly induced the protein expression of HSP47, inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase and endonuclease-1α (IRE1α) and spliced X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) in primary mouse Müller cells compared with the untreated group. In addition, the immunoprecipitation results revealed that HSP47 directly interacted with IRE1α, and this interaction was significantly enhanced by HG exposure for 12 or 24 h compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of HSP47 significantly suppressed HG-induced activation of the IRE1α/XBP1s/hypoxia inducible factor-1 subunit α (HIF-1α) pathway and upregulation of the mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B, inducible nitric oxide synthase and angiopoietin-2 in Müller cells. Furthermore, overexpression of IRE1α or HIF-1α partially attenuated HSP47-siRNA-mediated inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression in Müller cells. Collectively, these results indicated that HG may induce HSP47 expression and promote the inflammatory response through enhancing the interaction between HSP47 and IRE1α, and activating the IRE1α/XBP1s/HIF-1α p athway in retinal Müller cells. PMID:34676004 | PMC:PMC8524763 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10847 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Glioblastoma pharmacotherapy: A multifaceted perspective of conventional and emerging treatments (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Glioblastoma pharmacotherapy: A multifaceted perspective of conventional and emerging treatments (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1408. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10844. Epub 2021 Oct 6. ABSTRACT Due to its localisation, rapid onset, high relapse rate and resistance to most currently available treatment methods, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered to be the deadliest type of all gliomas. Although surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are among the therapeutic strategies used for the treatment of GBM, the survival rates achieved are not satisfactory, and there is an urgent need for novel effective therapeutic options. In addition to single-target therapy, multi-target therapies are currently under development. Furthermore, drugs are being optimised to improve their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present review, the main strategies applied for GBM treatment in terms of the most recent therapeutic agents and approaches that are currently under pre-clinical and clinical testing were discussed. In addition, the most recently reported experimental data following the testing of novel therapies, including stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, genomic correction and precision medicine, were reviewed, and their advantages and drawbacks were also summarised. PMID:34676001 | PMC:PMC8524703 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10844 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of methylprednisolone and treadmill training on spinal cord injury in experimental rats Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1413. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10849. Epub 2021 Oct 8. ABSTRACT Methylprednisolone (MP) is widely used to treat clinical spinal cord injury (SCI). Treadmill training is also considered an important treatment after SCI to improve motor function in patients, resulting in an evident improvement. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate and contrast the effects of MP and treadmill training administered in combination or alone after SCI in adult rats. A rat spinal cord T10 contusion model was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using an impact device. A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups (n=10 rats/group): the MP, MP + treadmill training, SCI and sham group. At 30 min after injury, MP sodium succinate was injected into the rats of the MP and MP + treadmill training groups. Treadmill training began on the second week post-trauma and was performed for 8 weeks. The results showed that MP therapy co mbined with treadmill training significantly ameliorated several parameters of hind limb function compared with those by MP treatment alone (all P<0.05). A significantly reduced immunopositive area of Nogo receptor and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and reduced relative expression of these mRNAs were found in the MP + treadmill training group (P<0.05) compared with the findings in the MP group. In conclusion, the present study indicated that combined MP and treadmill training treatment improved the recovery of hind limb function in rats with SCI, thus potentially representing a promising strategy to cure SCI. PMID:34676006 | PMC:PMC8524708 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10849 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.