Cochlear Immune Response in Presbyacusis: a Focus on Dysregulation of Macrophage Activity

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cochlear Immune Response in Presbyacusis: a Focus on Dysregulation of Macrophage Activity Via Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology Abstract Age-related hearing loss, or presbyacusis, is a prominent chronic degenerative disorder that affects many older people. Based on presbyacusis pathology, the degeneration occurs in both sensory and non-sensory cells, along with changes in the cochlear microenvironment. The progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is associated with an altered microenvironment that reflects chronic inflammatory signaling. Under these conditions, resident and recruited immune cells, such as microglia/macrophages, have aberrant activity that contributes to chronic neuroinflammation and neural cell degeneration. Recently, researchers identified and characterized macrophages in human cochleae (including those from older donors). Along with the age-related changes in cochlear macrophages in animal models, these studies revealed that macrophages, an underappreciated group of immune cells, may play a critical role in maintaining the functional integrity of the cochlea. A lthough several studies deciphered the molecular mechanisms that regulate microglia/macrophage dysfunction in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, limited studies have assessed the mechanisms underlying macrophage dysfunction in aged cochleae. In this review, we highlight the age-related changes in cochlear macrophage activities in mouse and human temporal bones. We focus on how complement dysregulation and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome could affect macrophage activity in the aged peripheral auditory system. By understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie these regulatory systems, we may uncover therapeutic strategies to treat presbyacusis and other forms of sensorineural hearing loss. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A new technique for treating hiatal hernia with gastroesophageal reflux disease: the laparoscopic total left-side surgical approach

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A new technique for treating hiatal hernia with gastroesophageal reflux disease: the laparoscopic total left-side surgical approach Via Traditional dysphagia therapy BMC Surg. 2021 Oct 9;21(1):361. doi: 10.1186/s12893-021-01356-3. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Although the traditional bilateral surgical approach to treat hiatal hernia (HH) with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can provide local protection of the vagus nerve, the integrity of the entire vagus nerve cannot be evaluated. Therefore, we developed and described the total left-side surgical approach (TLSA), which theoretically reduces injury to the vagus nerve, and described the detailed surgical procedure. METHODS: Initially, we performed a cadaver study to explore the characteristics of the vagus nerve. Then, we prospectively evaluated the TLSA in 5 patients with HH and GERD between June 2020 and September 2020. Demographic characteristics, surgical parameters, perioperative outcomes, and follow-up findings were analyzed. RESULTS: The TLSA was successfully used in five patients (40-64 years old), and no major complications were note d. The median total operative time was 114 min, median blood loss was 50 mL, and median postoperative hospital stay was 3.8 days. Gastrointestinal function recovered within 4 days of surgery in all the patients. The 6-month follow-up gastroscopy examination showed well-established gastroesophageal flap valves. Compared with the baseline results, the 6-month follow-up results showed lower values for the total GerdQ score (12.4 vs. 6.2) and the total esophageal acid exposure time (3.48% vs. 0.38%). Based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire-stomach module 52 results, the incidence of dysphagia and flatulence decreased over time after the TLSA. CONCLUSIONS: The TLSA provides a clear and broad surgical field, less trauma, and rapid recovery; moreover, it is technically simple. Although our results suggest that the TLSA provides safety and short-term efficacy and is feasible for patients with HH and GERD, long-term results from a larger clinical trial are needed to validate these findings. Trial registration ChiCTR2000034028, registration date is June 21, 2020. The study was registered prospectively. PMID:34627222 | DOI:10.1186/s12893-021-01356-3 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Syndrome d’Eagle à l’origine d’une sténose grave de la carotide interne

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Syndrome d'Eagle à l'origine d'une sténose grave de la carotide interne Via Laryngologie CMAJ. 2021 Oct 12;193(40):E1580-E1581. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.202803-f. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34642164 | DOI:10.1503/cmaj.202803-f View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a topical SYK inhibitor in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A double‐blind Phase Ib study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a topical SYK inhibitor in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A double‐blind Phase Ib study Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract The immunoregulator spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is upregulated in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). This double-blind, multicentre, Phase Ib study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of the selective SYK inhibitor GSK2646264 in active CLE lesions. Two lesions from each participant (n = 11) were each randomized to topical application of 1% (w/w) GSK2646264 or placebo for 28 days; all participants received GSK2646264 and placebo. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability of GSK2646264, assessed by adverse event incidence and a skin tolerability test. Secondary endpoints included change from baseline in clinical activity and mRNA expression of interferon-related genes in skin biopsies. Levels of several immune cell markers were evaluated over time. Eight (73%) participants experienced ≥ 1 adverse event (all mild in intensity), and maximal dermal response was similar for GSK2646264 an d placebo. The expression of several interferon-related genes, including CXCL10 and OAS1, showed modest decreases from baseline after 28 days of treatment with GSK2646264 compared with placebo. Similar findings were observed for CD3 + T cell and CD11c + dendritic cell levels; however, overall clinical activity remained unchanged with GSK2646264 vs. placebo. Further studies are warranted to assess SYK inhibitors as potential treatment for CLE. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Multiple Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Presenting as Objective Pulsatile Tinnitus and Evaluated Using Four-Dimensional Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Multiple Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Presenting as Objective Pulsatile Tinnitus and Evaluated Using Four-Dimensional Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Oct 13:1455613211049842. doi: 10.1177/01455613211049842. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34643457 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211049842 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effect of Tinnitus in Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) in Normal Hearing Patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of Tinnitus in Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) in Normal Hearing Patients Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract Tinnitus is a symptom whose pathophysiology remains still unclear. Its diagnosis and treatment is complicated, due to its subjectivity. The generation of tinnitus is commonly linked with the impaired functioning of the outer hair cells (OHC) inside the cochlea. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are the objective test used to assess their activity. This study investigates the cochlear outer hair cell function in patients with tinnitus and normal hearing using DPOAEs. We performed a prospective study of the cochlear function in normal hearing patients complaining of tinnitus by analysing DPOAEs amplitude and signal/noise (S/N) ratio. We gathered a sample of 21 ears from adults that attended to the ENT Department complaining of tinnitus with normal hearing. We compared their results with a control group of 21 ears, with the same demographic characteristics, presenting normal hearing but without tinnitus in order to exclude the influence of age in DPO AEs results. A decreased mean of S/N levels in DPOAEs was found in tinnitus and normal hearing group comparing with control group, although these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Based on the results, OHC dysfunction is not necessary to experience tinnitus. The majority of the patients that present OHC dysfunction do not present a tinnitus at the moment. Other mechanisms in auditory pathway may be evaluated in the tinnitus development. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Acute Vocal Fold Paresis and Paralysis After COVID-19 Infection: A Case Series

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Acute Vocal Fold Paresis and Paralysis After COVID-19 Infection: A Case Series Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Oct 13:34894211047829. doi: 10.1177/00034894211047829. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Evidence demonstrates neurotropism is a common feature of coronaviruses. In our laryngology clinics we have noted an increase in cases of "idiopathic" vocal fold paralysis and paresis in patients with no history of intubation who are recovering from the novel SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus (COVID-19). This finding is concerning for a post-viral vagal neuropathy (PVVN) a s a result of infection with COVID-19. Our objective is to raise the possibility that vocal fold paresis may be an additional neuropathic sequela of infection with COVID-19. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, had no history of intubation as a result of their infection, and subsequently presented with vocal fold paresis between May 2020 and January 2021. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, confirmation of COVID-19 infection, presenting symptoms, laryngoscopy and stroboscopy exam findings, and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) results. RESULTS: Sixteen patients presented with new-onset dysphonia during and after recovering from a COVID-19 infection and were found to have unilateral or bilateral vocal fold paresis or paralysis. LEMG was performed in 25% of patients and confirmed the diagnosis of neuropathy in these cases. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that COVID-19 can cause a PVVN resulting in abnormal vocal fold mobil ity. This diagnosis should be included in the constellation of morbidities that can result from COVID-19 as the otolaryngologist can identify this entity through careful history and examination. PMID:34643462 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211047829 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Epistaxis-overview and current aspects

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Epistaxis-overview and current aspects Via hno HNO. 2021 Oct 13. doi: 10.1007/s00106-021-01110-4. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are usually minor. Medical intervention is only necessary in about 6% of cases. The source of bleeding is frequently located in the anterior region of the nose (Kiesselbach's plexus). The estimated lifetime prevalence of epistaxis is 60%. Diffuse epistaxis is often a manifestation of systemic disease. Epistaxis is the leading symptom of Rendu-Osler-Weber disease (hereditary hemorrhagi c telangiectasia, HHT). If intervention is required, the first-choice of treatment is bidigital compression for several minutes. Common therapeutic measures include local hemostasis using electrocoagulation or chemical agents, e.g., silver nitrate. Resorbable anterior nasal tampons or tampons with a smooth surface are also frequently employed. In case of failed surgical closure of the sphenopalatine artery, angiographic embolization is the method of choice. PMID:34643746 | DOI:10.1007/s00106-021-01110-4 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Radioiodine

Editorial Radioiodine: 80 years and counting; the past, present, and future by Matthew D Ringel Thematic Review Radioiodine treatment: an historical and future perspective by Patricia Borges de Souza and Christopher John McCabe Tailoring the approach to radioactive iodine treatment in thyroid cancer by Sarah E Mayson, Christine M Chan, and Bryan R Haugen The complex regulation of NIS expression and activity in thyroid and extrathyroidal tissues by Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre, Pilar Santisteban, and Antonio De la Vieja Na+/I− symporter expression, function, and regulation in non-thyroidal tissues and impact on thyroid cancer therapy by Sissy M Jhiang and Jennifer A Sipos Redifferentiation-facilitated radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer by Livia Lamartina et al. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS): novel applications for radionuclide imaging and treatment by C Spitzweg et al. Research Development of improved SRC-3 inhibitors as breast cancer therapeutic agents by Li Qin et al. Targeted genomic analysis of 364 adrenocortical carcinomas by Nikita Pozdeyev et al. Antitumor immune response is associated with favorable survival in GEP-NEN G3 by Vivian Rosery et al.

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