[ASAP] An Upconversion Nanoparticle Enables Near Infrared-Optogenetic Manipulation of the Motor Circuit

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09270

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[ASAP] Rational Design of Cancer Nanomedicine for Simultaneous Stealth Surface and Enhanced Cellular Uptake

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07746

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[ASAP] Engineered Exosome-Mediated Near-Infrared-II Region V2C Quantum Dot Delivery for Nucleus-Target Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07224

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[ASAP] A Hybridized Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Water Wave Energy Harvester Based on a Magnetic Sphere

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09088

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[ASAP] Correction to An Ultrasensitive Diagnostic Biochip Based on Biomimetic Periodic Nanostructure-Assisted Rolling Circle Amplification

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00597

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Why Benchmarking Is Critical for Saving Energy in China

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Icy Arctic January 2019

Kara and Barents Seas Chilling Out: The animation above shows the last two weeks on the Atlantic side, with Kara achieving its annual maximum and Barents growing ice up to 75% of its max last March. Those two regions are the last to cool down this year. In the upper right the ice solidifies next to Svalbard and fast ice forms along the mainland. Icing begins in the Baltic.  In the center Greenland Sea ice reaches out toward Iceland.  On the left, Baffin ice thickens along the Labrador coast and is filling the Gulf of St. Lawrence.  Below is the ice recovery on the Pacific side.

As we will see in the numbers below, Bering on the right has 100k km2 more ice now than  a year ago, though still lagging the 12-year average.  Okhotsk on the left is almost average and is reaching well south in its basin.

The graph below shows January progress in ice extent recovery.

2019 ice extents are tracking slightly lower than the 12-year average (2007 to 2018 inclusive).  SII lags MASIE by 157k km2 at this date. 2019 presently has 300k km2 more ice than 2017, and 500k km2 more ice than 2018

The table below shows the distribution of ice in the various Arctic basins.

Region	2019028	Day 029  Average	2019-Ave.	2018028	2019-2018
(0) Northern_Hemisphere	14216967	14304896	-87929	13720485	496482
(1) Beaufort_Sea	1070498	1070200	297	1070445	53
(2) Chukchi_Sea	966006	965999	7	965971	35
(3) East_Siberian_Sea	1087137	1087133	4	1087120	18
(4) Laptev_Sea	897845	897842	3	897845	0
(5) Kara_Sea	935023	904103	30921	864752	70271
(6) Barents_Sea	594754	552640	42114	448388	146366
(7) Greenland_Sea	559919	588686	-28767	502182	57738
(8) Baffin_Bay_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence	1355417	1335964	19453	1357109	-1693
(9) Canadian_Archipelago	853337	853036	302	853109	229
(10) Hudson_Bay	1260903	1259599	1305	1260838	66
(11) Central_Arctic	3206769	3208914	-2145	3176440	30330
(12) Bering_Sea	557702	657897	-100194	414234	143468
(13) Baltic_Sea	84454	79993	4462	37674	46780
(14) Sea_of_Okhotsk	765952	777348	-11397	718922	47030

The table shows how 2019 is matching the 12-year average almost everywhere.  Barents and Kara Seas have caught up and edged ahead of average, and are much higher than last year.  The slight overall deficit is due to Bering ice down 100k km2 to average, while being 143k km2 more than last year.

Footnote:  At his AER blog  Arctic Oscillation and Polar Vortex Analysis and Forecasts Dr. Judah Cohen writes yesterday on this cold winter in the Arctic. Excerpts in italics with my bolds.

The Arctic has warmed at least as twice as fast as any other region of the globe and the accelerating warming of the Arctic relative to the rest of the globe but especially the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes is known as Arctic amplification. The cause of Arctic amplification is surprisingly complex and not well understood but the cause is at least partially related to Arctic sea ice and snow cover melt. Certainly, heading into this winter, I was very confident that we would observe an anomalously warm Arctic this winter especially coming off of last winter where the Arctic was record warm (see Figure i) and sea ice was record low extent.

But the Arctic was surprisingly cold last summer that prevented a new record low minimum for sea ice extent in September. Since then it has been at least strategically cold in regions across the Arctic this fall and winter that allowed sea ice to grow more extensive this winter in the Arctic basin compared to recent winters except in the Barents-Kara Seas. But even more surprising to me has been how cold the Arctic has consistently been this winter, especially when compared to recent winters. The only region in the Arctic Ocean basin that has been consistently warm is the Barents-Kara Seas.

 

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Texas GOP mayor’s environmental narcissism makes Gore happy while sticking its citizens with skyrocketing electricity bills

https://fxn.ws/2sS9Qc4 By Chuck DeVore Political leaders in a college town in central Texas won wide praise from former Vice President Al Gore and the larger Green Movement when they decided to go "100 percent renewable" seven years ago. Now, however, they are on the defensive over electricity costs that have their residents paying more than $1,000 [...]

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Analysis: Carbon tax promoters profoundly ignorant of energy – ‘A flawed premise from start to finish’

http://bit.ly/2G6AohI BY MARK MATHIS: Sometimes smart people can be astonishingly ignorant, or just being self-serving and political. A bipartisan group of Nobel Prize-winning economists, former Federal Reserve chairs and top economic advisers to recent presidents has endorsed a carbon tax. Their reasons for supporting the tax demonstrate a profound obliviousness to energy reality. The idea [...]

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New Mexico Executive Action: Racing to Top on Climate

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Tesla May Not Make It Past Q1 Without Vendor Concessions Or A Capital Raise

From Seeking Alpha Jan. 25, 2019 4:09 PM ET  About: Tesla, Inc. (TSLA) Summary Tesla is seeing an implosion of demand – not just in US but also internationally. European Model 3 demand is below even bear expectations. The company has several major cash calls from maturing debt and organizational changes and does not have…

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Protective effects of quercetin supplementation against short-term toxicity of cadmium-induced hematological impairment, hypothyroidism, and testicular disturbances in albino rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of quercetin (QUE) against cadmium (Cd)-induced sub-chronic toxicity in rats. Adult male rats were given either Cd (as cadmium chloride; 5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with QUE (50 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks by oral gavage. At the end of the experimental period, Cd accumulation, and selected hematological, thyroid, and reproductive markers were assessed. Results revealed that Cd treatment significantly increased Cd concentrations in blood, thyroid gland, and testicular tissue of rats. Cd also caused a decline in hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, and total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts. Further, significant suppressions in the blood levels of hormones related to thyroid gland function, and male reproductive hormones (i.e., testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), were observed in Cd-treated rats compared to the control. In parallel, low sperm count and sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities, and marked pathology occurred in testis. Combination with QUE recorded amelioration of the deleterious effects of Cd, involving regulation of hematological toxicity and thyroid hormonal levels and subsequently modulation of testicular function. In conclusion, it appears that dietary QUE can rescue from Cd-induced hematological dysfunctions and testicular damage by reversing the hypothyroid state.

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German Scientists Back Findings By Gebbie et al 2019, Believe Climate CO2 Sensitivity Even “Likely To Be Lower” Than 1.3°C

At Die kalte Sonne site here, Prof. Fritz Vahrenholt and Frank Bosse published an analysis of Gebbie et al 2019. What follows is the translation in the English.
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Climate surprises

A paper very worth reading from the USA from January 2019 in Science (Geoffrey Gebbie of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Peter Huybers of Harvard University, hereinafter GH19) is titled "The Little Ice Age and 20th-century deep Pacific cooling".

It shows fascinating science.

The authors evaluated temperature measurements made in the deep sea by the famous expedition of the "HMS Challenger" in the 1870s. The ship sailed the Atlantic and Pacific, and probably provided the first data on the oceans down to depths of over 2000 meters. The recalibration of the old data alone is a work of art! What the paper found: The Pacific down in depths has cooled from 1870 to today, the Atlantic not.

With a model of the global waters down to such depths, the authors got to the bottom of the cause and concluded: The circulation of the deep sea means that the Pacific depths today are still influenced by the Medieval warm period (MWP, about 950-1250 AD) and the transition to the Little Ice Age (about 1500-1800 AD).

The warmed up water from 1000 years ago needs that long a time until it arrives at depths of 3000 meters in the Pacific! This implies two things: The MWP was a globally large-scale event, as we have also demonstrated in the MWP project (not represented in climate models in this way and so it is an "unknown factor" to the IPCC) and it is still at work today. The GH19 paper is evidence.

The temperature development in the Pacific from the paper:

Fig. 3: The temperature development in the Pacific to depths of 5500 meters. The MWP at the surface warmed the water until 1300 AD and the subsequent cooling of the "Little Ice Age" (LIA) later had a cooling effect on the Pacific Ocean. After 1750 the ocean was still "warmed up" and cooling continues even until today. Source: Supplements Fig. S5 from GH19.

Today's climate still impacted by Medieval Warm Period

This is a wonderful example that our climate was NOT in equilibrium around 1750, like all climate models assume. We are still feeling the effects of MWP today.

If we now assume an equilibrium in the ocean around 1750 for the determination of the sensitivity "ECS", i.e. the long-term (several centuries) temperature increase with a doubling of the CO2 concentration, and if we trace the warming back to anthropogenic impulses to this day, then we indeed neglect that there was still residual heat (completely unknown for models as already mentioned) in the 1750s.

CO2 effect on ocean warming overstated

The growth in the total heat content of the oceans to this day is therefore smaller than models assume and this leads to a lower sensitivity to anthropogenic effects. Nic Lewis also stated this in this commentary on the work by noting a significant reduction in the size of climate sensitivity from the findings of GH19, even if one follows the IPCC guidelines in the following calculations.

IPCC report needs fundamental revising

Should the findings of Gebbie and Huybers be confirmed, then the IPCC report needs to be fundamentally revised, especially for long-term temperature forecasts. But this also applies to the warming to be expected by 2100, as reflected in the TCR (transient climate response) estimates when the CO2 concentration doubles.

Reader F.B. posted a comment on Judith Curry's blog for discussion at the beginning of January, 2019. In it he tried to derive the natural variability 1950-2016 from observations and NOT from models. Taking into account all assumptions made by the IPCC, what ultimately results is a climate sensitivity (TCR) of about 1.3 °C/doubling the carbon dioxide content in our atmosphere. If one adds the known influences of volcanoes, the Pacific El Nino/La Nina cycles (ENSO for short) and the solar influences (also assumed by the IPCC to be exactly the same) and takes into account the internal variability since 1950, one can only reconstruct the annual temperature trend only with this magnitude:

 

Fig. 4: Reconstructed global temperature since 1950 (dark blue) and the real observed (green).

The agreement is astounding and it was not created by the excessive fudging and tuning of many parameters, as is done in many climate models. Even the order in which the parameters are "tuned" plays an important role in the result.

Sensitivity of only 1.3°C

The good reconstruction results if a TCR of 1.3 is used, unlike the models for the IPCC's 5th Assessment Report, which do it by using 1.85. The TCR of 1.3 is the most important parameter for the results. That is 30% less warming than models see. This is also the result of Lewis/Curry (2018), which we reported here.

An additional result of this IPCC-conforming approach is that (almost) all longer-term warming, in the example shown since 1950, is assumed to be caused by "anthropogenic forcing", essentially CO2. Longer-term studies also show this: if a similar approach is chosen and the time spans from 1870 onwards are investigated, then it inevitably follows that all tendential warming comes from anthropogenic drives, in this case since 1870. All such methods contain this requirement. Any long-term natural warming source is excluded by assuming our climate was in "equilibrium" in the 1750s, i.e. that it was not driven by long-term drivers and that only (short-term in the sense of decades) internal variability, volcanoes and ENSO had an impact on the climate, with the exception of even more long-term changes caused by the Earth's orbit (ice ages, interglacial ice ages).

Climate sensitivity "likely to be lower"

Against the background of the paper by Gebbie and Huybers presented above, it is however highly questionable that influences acting on longer timescales can be neglected from the outset by the IPCC approach. In plain language, this means that the above-mentioned estimate of sensitivity is rather an upper limit and, considering the ocean warmth was not in climate equilibrium in the 1750s, it is likely to be lower.

Focusing on observations leads to surprises

We keep hearing, again and again, that science can hardly find anything new on anthropogenic climate change. "The science is settled." But don't fall for it! GH19 is a shining example of true science when it comes to climate. We look forward to further news and observations. If you don't concentrate on models, but rather work on empirics, then we are always in for a surprise!

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When 8 Arm64 Cores Are Just Not Enough…

Want a 48 core 64 bit machine? It's available at prices similar to high end Macintosh machines... ThunderX. Continue reading →

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The Great Lakes Icing

The Great Lakes are at above average ice. Continue reading →

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When Global Warming hits MINUS 50 F windchill

The USA Midwest goes dangerously cold. Continue reading →

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[ASAP] and To Exclusively Publish Full Articles in 2019

Chemistry of Materials

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00022

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John Cook, we’ll believe you when you stop doing what you complain we’re doing

John Cook tries to attack skeptics for their savage jokes about cold spells. Go for it John, we'll believe you when you when you also tell PhD's they shouldn't harp on about random noise like heat waves:

Forecast: flurries of shivering climate-change deniers

When a cold spell struck the east coast recently, US President Donald Trump tweeted "Wouldn't be bad to have a little of that good old fashioned Global Warming right now!"

The argument he is sarcastically implying and often makes—that global warming isn't happening because it's cold outside—possesses an obvious logical flaw. [No kidding]. It's like arguing that the sun no longer exists when it gets dark at night. Of course, Trump didn't invent this argument—it's commonly brought up on denier blogs and social media threads whenever the weather turns cold.

This type of fallacious reasoning is not just common on believer blogs, it's their bread and butter.

Trump was being sarcastic. Skeptics are making jokes — but what excuse can anyone make for paid PhD's who are serious?

Let's swap the hot's and cold's of Cooks own words (mine bolded):

The argument PhD's seriously imply and often make—that global warming is happening because [...]

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[ASAP] Enzyme-Mediated Intercellular Proximity Labeling for Detecting Cell–Cell Interactions

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10286

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[ASAP] Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Live-Cell Super-Resolution Microscopy

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11134

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