Deep Ocean Warming in Degrees C

In recent weeks and months, there's been a run of papers—with typical mainstream media misinforming embellishments—about improved estimates of the warming of the oceans…and blog posts about them. One thing common to the papers is the use of the metric zettajoules for ocean heat content—a metric that's meaningless to most people. The former National Oceanographic…

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Forgotten history: 50 degrees everywhere, right across Australia in the 1800s

Don't believe your lying eyes — Australian newspaper archives are full of temperatures recorded higher than 121 in the shade which is 50C.  All of these temperatures in the map below are found in historic newspaper archives. Measurements done after 1910 are even done with official Stevenson screens, yet the BOM "throws them away". It's true that ones done in the 1800s are often recorded on non-standard equipment, or are just literally "in the shade" under cover. So some of these, perhaps many, are one or two degrees too high. But even if we take two degrees off, how scary is global warming when Australia knew many days of 48C and 49C and some at 50C 120 years ago? The BOM — supposedly so concerned about the State of Our Climate — show little interest in talking about our history or in analyzing it, or even mentioning it.

(click to enlarge)

Photo: Jo Nova

50C temperatures have occurred all over Australia before

Australians have been recording temperatures of over 50C since 1828, right across the country. In 1896 the heat was so bad for weeks that people fled on emergency trains to escape the inland heat. Millions of birds [...]

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Tube-in-tube Tin Dioxide Superstructures with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performances

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC08968J, Communication

Yinlin Tong, Liyun Dang, Zengrui Wang, Hao Zhang, Feng Gao, Qingyi Lu
Hollow nanostructures with large surface area and additional free volume enable increasing contacting area and structure stability, which are beneficial to improve lithium storage performances. Although many successes have been...
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Xanthate-Mediated Synthesis of (E)-Alkenes by Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes Using Water as the Hydrogen Donor

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00128J, Communication

Yibiao Li, XIanglin Luo, Xiuwen Chen, Lu Chen, Kun Zhang
Semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is one of the most widely used methods for obtaining alkene in laboratory preparation and in industry. Transition metal catalysts have been extensively studied for this transformation,...
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Hydrogel directly assembled from copper metal-organic polyhedron for antimicrobial application

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09000A, Communication

Yu Qin, Linlin Chen, Wei Pu, Peng Liu, Shixi Liu, Yuan Li, Xiaolan Liu, Zhixiang Lu, Liyan Zheng, Qiu-e Cao
Here, we report the first example of hydrogel directly assembled from copper MOP by a facile ultrasonic procedure and it exhibited excellent antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Reducing the overpotential of an aprotic Li-O2 battery using a conductive graphene interlayer

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09016E, Communication

Liyuan Zhao, Yi Xing, Xiaoyi Xie, Jingning Lai, Nana Zhao, Nan Chen, Li Li, Feng Wu, Renjie Chen
An aprotic Li-O₂ battery incorporating a conductive graphene interlayer displays an ultralow overpotential of 0.67 V and a stable cyclability over 200 cycles at a high current density of 500...
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Occurrence, sources and effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Tunis lagoon, Tunisia: an integrated approach using multi-level biological responses in Ruditapes decussatus

Abstract

Coastal lagoons are critical ecosystems presenting a strategic economic importance, but they are subjected to potential anthropogenic impact. As part of the Tunis lagoon (Tunisia) biomonitoring study, levels, composition pattern and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments along with their bioavailability in clam Ruditapes decussatus were investigated in polluted (S2–S4) and reference (S1) sites. In order to investigate the contamination effects at different biological levels in clams, a wide set of biomarkers, including gene expression changes, enzymatic activities disruption and histopathological alterations, was analysed. Biomarkers were integrated in a biomarker index (IBR index) to allow a global assessment of the biological response. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for chemical and biological data integration to rank the sampling sites according to their global environmental quality. Sediment PAHs levels ranged between 144.5 and 3887.0 ng g⁻¹ dw in the Tunis lagoon sites versus 92.6 ng g⁻¹ dw in the reference site. The high PAH concentrations are due to anthropogenic activities around the lagoon. PAH composition profiles and diagnostic isomer ratios analysis indicated that PAHs were of both pyrolitic and petrogenic origins. Clams sampled from S2 and S3 exhibited the highest PAH contents with 2192.6 ng g⁻¹ dw and 2371.4 ng g⁻¹ dw, respectively. Elevated levels of tissue PAHs were associated to an increase in biotransformation and antioxidant activities, and lipid peroxidation levels along with an overexpression of different genes encoding for general stress response, mitochondrial metabolism and antioxidant defence, in addition to the emergence of severe and diverse histopathological alterations in the clams' digestive glands. IBR index was suitable for sampling sites ranking (S1 = 0 < S4 = 0.4 < S3 = 1.15 < S2 = 1.27) based on the level of PAH-induced stress in clams. PCA approach produced two components (PC1, 83.8% and PC2, 12.2%) that describe 96% of the variance in the data and thus highlighted the importance of integrating contaminants in sediments, their bioaccumulation and a battery of biomarkers of different dimensions for the assessment of global health status of coastal and lagoon areas.

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A Semisynthetic Fluorescent Protein Assembly-based FRET Probe for Real-time Profiling Cell Membrane Protease Functions in Situ

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09634A, Communication

Sujuan Sun, Yanan Liu, Julan Xia, Miao Wang, Rui Tang, Chunyang Lei, Yan Huang, Zhou Nie, Shouzhuo Yao
A semisynthetic fluorescent protein assembly-based FRET probe (sFPAP) was proposed for cell membrane protease function assay. Here, the probe was anchored on living cell membrane through membrane inserting peptide (MIP),...
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Evaluation of the antifungal activity of individual and combined monoterpenes against Rhizopus stolonifer and Absidia coerulea

Abstract

The development of natural plant extracts and essential oils will help to decrease the negative effects of synthetic chemicals. In the present study, the antifungal activity of individual and combined monoterpenes against Rhizopus stolonifer and Absidia coerulea was evaluated. The results from antifungal tests showed that eugenol, carvacrol, and isoeugenol, among all the tested compounds, exhibited strong antifungal activity against the two tested fungi. Furthermore, carvacrol exhibited the most toxic effects against R. stolonifer and A. coerulea, and the IC₅₀ values of carvacrol for the two fungi were 44.94 μg/ml and 50.83 μg/ml, respectively. The compounds (±)-menthol, b-citronellol, geraniol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, citral, and cuminaldehyde had only strong antifungal activity against R. stolonifer. In addition, the value of the synergistic co-efficient (SR) of a combination of isoeugenol and eugenol (1:1) showed an additive effect against R. stolonifer. The combination of isoeugenol and cuminaldehyde (1:1) showed an antagonistic effect against A. coerulea. Our results indicated that carvacrol and isoeugenol had potential antifungal effects against the two tested fungi and could be utilized in novel biological fungicide development.

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Interactive effect of potassium and flyash: a soil conditioner on metal accumulation, physiological and biochemical traits of mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)

Abstract

At present plants continuously bare to various environmental stresses due to the rapid climate change that adversely affects the growth and nutrient status of the soil and plant. Application of flyash (FA) in combination with potassium (K) fertilizer amendment improves soil physico-chemical characteristics, growth and yield of plants. Mustard grown in combination with FA (0, 20, 40 or 60 t ha⁻¹) and K (0, 30 or 60 kg ha⁻¹) treated soil was used to evaluate the effect on heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) concentration and antioxidant system. The experiment was conducted in a net house of the Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Sampling was done at 70 DAS. The results showed that concentration of metals was found maximum in roots than the leaf and seeds. FA₆₀ accompanied by K₃₀ and K₆₀ cause oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation and showed reduced levels of photosynthesis and enzymatic activity. Proline and ascorbate content increases with increasing flyash doses to combat stress. However, flyash at the rate of 40 t ha⁻¹ together with K₆₀ followed by K₃₀ significantly boosted crop growth by enhancing antioxidant activity which plays a critical role in ameliorating the oxidative stress.

Graphical abstract

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[ASAP] Degradation of Cytosine Radical Cations in 2'-Deoxycytidine and in i-Motif DNA: Hydrogen-Bonding Guided Pathways

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10743

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[ASAP] Creating Well-Defined Hexabenzocoronene in Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework by Postsynthetic Annulation

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11042

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[ASAP] Residue-Specific Solvation-Directed Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control over Peptide Self-Assembly with 1D/2D Structure Selection

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08117

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[ASAP] Multivalent Traptavidin–DNA Conjugates for the Programmable Assembly of Nanostructures

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06170

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[ASAP] Unusual Electronic States and Superconducting Proximity Effect of Bi Films Modulated by a NbSe2 Substrate

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08051

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[ASAP] Surface-Engineered MXenes: Electric Field Control of Magnetism and Enhanced Magnetic Anisotropy

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09201

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[ASAP] Insight into the Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity of 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10252

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[ASAP] Surface-Templated Assembly of Molecular Methanol on the Thin Film “29” Cu(111) Surface Oxide

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10284

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[ASAP] Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths in Condensed Matter Down to a Few Electronvolts

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10832

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[ASAP] Nanocrystal Symmetry Breaking and Accelerated Solid-State Diffusion in the Lead–Cadmium Sulfide Cation Exchange system

Chemistry of Materials

DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04490

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