[ASAP] Bay-Linked Perylenediimides are Two Molecules in One: Insights from Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Temperature Dependence, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11493

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[ASAP] Rylene Diimide-Based Alternate and Random Copolymers for Flexible Supercapacitor Electrode Materials with Exceptional Stability and High Power Density

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11229

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[ASAP] Theoretical Evidence of Solvent-Mediated Excited-State Dynamics in a Functionalized Iron Sensitizer

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10768

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[ASAP] How Intercalated Sodium, Copper, and Iron Cations Influence the Structural Arrangement of Zirconium Sulfophenylphosphonate Layers? Theoretical and Experimental Points of View

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08134

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[ASAP] Automatic Prediction of Surface Phase Diagrams Using Ab Initio Grand Canonical Monte Carlo

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11093

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[ASAP] Interaction of Chiral and Achiral Dimethylsuccinic Acid Diastereomers with a Cu(110) Surface

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11320

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[ASAP] Angular-Dependent Spontaneous Emission in Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Films

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11134

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[ASAP] Colloidal Rare Earth Vanadate Single Crystalline Particles as Ratiometric Luminescent Thermometers

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12251

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[ASAP] Two-Dimensional PC6 with Direct Band Gap and Anisotropic Carrier Mobility

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11350

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[ASAP] Molecular Upconversion in Water in Heteropolynuclear Supramolecular Tb/Yb Assemblies

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10932

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[ASAP] Germanium Fluoride Nanocages as Optically Transparent n-Type Materials and Their Endohedral Metallofullerene Derivatives

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11259

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[ASAP] Cooperative Effects between Hydrophilic Pores and Solvents: Catalytic Consequences of Hydrogen Bonding on Alkene Epoxidation in Zeolites

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12861

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50% Renewable Energy Would Create Jobs, Investment in NM

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Ocean Warming: Inadequate Data, Unknown Errors

By Paul Homewood

 

 

A common sense piece from David Whitehouse:

 

The warming of the oceans is one of the key topics in climate change. The Earth's climate system is responding to an energy imbalance. Any positive imbalance in the world's energy budget is bound to show up in the oceans as a rise in temperature because the source of the excess energy – heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere – overlies much more ocean than land.

Reading some recent papers on ocean warming you might be forgiven for thinking they are behaving as predicted by some, warming more than expected, possibly with the warming accelerating. It has been said that we understand the oceans. For me this is premature. As we look ever closer at the oceans we are seeing more of what we don't understand.

One such paper is replete with encouraging words to support their stance in the face of difficulties expressed elsewhere but unmentioned in the paper. The data "resemble models," and "models reliably predict," even, it is becoming "increasingly clear."

That the oceans are warming is a conclusion of over a century of observations made in a variety of ways and connecting together these disparate datasets is difficult. Temperature measurements have been made from a variety of probes whose characteristics changed over time, or by different types of water inlets in ships, or by buckets and thermometers. They all give different results and have all been analysed and reanalysed and adjusted again and again and will certainly continue to do so in the future. Once their was a bump in ocean temperature during the 1940s, then it went away as it was an instrumental effect.

The only way around this problem is to consider a more coherent dataset – the Argo array of 6,000 or so buoys that started being distributed in 2006. The problem with that empirical data is that it is not yet really long enough, and what we have doesn't agree with the data obtained by other means. The inhomogeneity of the data before the Argo array is a major problem, and the jump seen in Ocean Heat Content (OHC) with the introduction of the Argo array is another.

Measuring Ocean Heat Content is a subject struggling with inadequate data. It involves measuring the temperature of vast oceans (indeed reducing them to one temperature) to an accuracy at the limits of our ability to detect, in some cases a thousandth of a degree. Measurements that are made with no real understanding of the errors be they random or systematic.

Another, unnecessary, problem is that researchers use different units and there is a case for journals imposing common standards among the papers they publish to save researchers having to convert between W m-1 (expressed either for the entire Earth's surface of for the ocean only), temperature or energy increase (often expressed in ZetaJoules). Also, as is often the case in climate studies, proper error bars are often not used.

Much of the heat, some claim, is stored deep in the ocean depths — but how did it get there? Timescales for ocean circulation are long, meaning that their depth have not yet seen what is happening at the surface. We do not understand centennial and millennial ocean circulation. We are seeing more references to cooling in the ocean depths. Some of our deep oceans appear to be still adjusting to the end of the Little Ice Age. Another significant finding is that the oceans appear to have absorbed as much heat in the early 20th century as in recent decades.

Some simplify and then exaggerate OHC data, a very foolish thing to do considering that as far as the oceans are concerned there is uncertainty at every point of the compass.

https://www.thegwpf.com/ocean-warming-inadequate-data-unknown-errors/

 

I would add a thought.

The Earth's climate systems are all about finding equilibrium. Warm up the ocean, and you will end up with a warmer atmosphere as well.

We therefore need to understand the cause of ocean warming, and identify how much this has affected atmospheric temperatures.

As David rightly says, changes in ocean circulation occur over very long periods of time. How much of the recent warming then is due to a recovery from the Little Ice Age?

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Methanesulfonyl-Polarized Halogen Bonding Enables Strong Halide Recognition in an Arylethynyl Anion Receptor

Chem. Commun., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC09251F, Communication

Jessica A. Lohrman, Chun-Lin Deng, Trevor A Shear, Lev Zakharov, Michael M Haley, Darren Johnson
A 3,5-bis((2-iodophenyl)ethynyl)pyridinium scaffold was synthesized which introduces the use of methanesulfonyl withdrawing groups to polarize iodine halogen bonding units for anion binding. We investigate the capability of this receptor to...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Connecticut may require ‘climate change’ education starting in elementary school – First state to require it

http://bit.ly/2RMEYbf HARTFORD, Conn. (AP) — A legislative proposal in Connecticut would mandate instruction on climate change in public schools statewide, beginning in elementary school. Connecticut already has adopted science standards that call for teaching of climate change, but if the bill passes it is believed that it would be the country's first to write such [...]

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Barbra Streisand Honored for ‘raising awareness for global warming’

http://bit.ly/2MaJgUB After years of using their platforms to protect the environment, Barbra Streisand and Gisele Bündchen will both be honored next month at the UCLA Institute of the Environment & Sustainability's annual Hollywood for Science Gala. … Streisand, who has helped raise awareness for global warming, is also a noted environmental activist and started the [...]

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Acting EPA head Wheeler correctly says wildfires are result of forest management, not drought

Acting EPA head says wildfires are result of forest management, not drought Acting Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Andrew Wheeler told senators Wednesday that "the biggest issue with wildfires is forest management … not drought," Axios reports. He made the claim during his confirmation hearing to become the agency's permanent head. # See: 'Less fire today than centuries [...]

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Sigh — Trump’s EPA pick Wheeler says ‘climate change’ is a ‘huge issue’ & he is concerned at an ‘8 or 9’ level on a scale of 1-10 (with 10 being highest concern)

http://bit.ly/2Cpkw6l Incoming EPA Chief Andrew Wheeler's Opinions on Climate Change Are a Mess By Brian Kahn Excerpt: After listing a litany of climate change impacts, Oregon Senator Jeff Merkeley asked Wheeler to rate how concerned he is about climate change on a scale of 1-10 with 10 being so worried it keeps you up at [...]

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House Bill Would Ban Chlorpyrifos, Protect Kids

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