Saturday, February 2, 2019

Obliquity, inclination and eccentricity of Earth – a model: Part 1

Earth's Axial Tilt, or Obliquity [Credit: Wikipedia]


First let's get the approximate target numbers for the model.

'The inclination of Earth's orbit varies with respect to the solar system's invariant plane with a period of roughly 71000 years.
. . .
Taken in conjunction with the 26000-year spin-axis precession, the 71000-year orbit precession causes a 41000-year oscillation in the tilt of the earth's axis, about plus or minus 1.3 degrees from its average value of 23.3 degrees. This number is not absolutely stable – it depends on the combined positions of all the planets through time.'

Astronomy: precession of Earth (Washington State University)
– – –
Origin of the 100 kyr Glacial Cycle: eccentricity or orbital inclination?

'Spectral analysis of climate data shows a strong narrow peak with period ~ 100 kyr, attributed by the Milankovitch theory to changes in the eccentricity of the earth's orbit. The narrowness of the peak does suggest an astronomical origin; however the shape of the peak is incompatible with both linear and nonlinear models that attribute the cycle to eccentricity or (equivalently) to the envelope of the precession. In contrast, the orbital inclination parameter gives a good match to both the spectrum and bispectrum of the climate data.'

Richard A. Muller — University of California, Berkeley and
Gordon J. MacDonald — University of California, San Diego

Let obliquity (tilt) = letter 'O'

Model assumption:
Inclination (estimated as 71000 years) = Geometric mean of 1*O and 3*O
Eccentricity (estimated as 100000 years) = Geometric mean of 2*O and 3*O

For two numbers, geometric mean = the square root of their multiplied value:
Square root of 1 * 3 = 1.7320508
Square root of 2 * 3 = 2.4494897

If O = 41000 years:
Inclination = O * 1.7320508 = 71014 years (~99.98% match to target)
Eccentricity = O * 2.4494897 = 100429 years (~99.57% match to target)
– – –
So that's the basic idea with Part 1 this model: inclination and eccentricity can be derived from obliquity, according to these results.

In Part 2 the orbital factor comes in, with relevant supporting numbers. It will also show where the idea of the obliquity multiples (2 and 3) originates from.



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We must hope Dr. Soon is right …

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And the global warming apocalypse is not nigh. Real-world evidence certainly supports him. Jeffrey Foss, PhD Everyone has heard the bad news. Imminent Climate Apocalypse (aka "global warming" and "climate change") threatens humanity and planet with devastation, unless we abandon the use of fossil fuels. Far fewer people have heard the good news. The sun…

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Climate Foundation Calls Belgian Manifesto By “3400 Academics” Alarmist, Pseudoacademic And Even Refuted By IPCC

What follows is translation of a guest contribution from the Climate Intelligence Foundation in response to a manifesto by 3400 Belgian academics who in lock-step claim "it is five to twelve". According to them, draconian measures are necessary to save the world.

Hat-tip Dr. Hans Labohm

It's an as outstanding rebuttal as you'll ever find, and it follows below in English (NTZ has added the main-point titles in bold).
====================================

Terrifying climate propaganda

Irresponsible misuse of models

Science differs from religion because theoretical claims have to be verified with observations. If model results can predict measurements in advance (which is quite different than explaining them afterwards!) then you can say the model validated and then apply it in practice. But if that is not the case, then you cannot sell the model as truth and using it in practice is irresponsible.

Far more complicated than simple, linear CO2 relationship

The current climate model ('IPCC model') systematically yields highly overstated predictions compared to measurements and can therefore not be used to form climate policy – especially if that policy results in extremely high costs and destabilises vital parts of the energy infrastructure.
We are not just saying that. Already some of the most renowned scientists have preceded us (e.g. Freeman Dyson, Frederic Seitz, Robert Jastrow, William Nierenberg), including Nobel Prize winners (e.g. Ivar Giaever and Robert Laughlin). They also argue that the earth's climate is far too complicated to be explained by a simple one-dimensional CO2 relationship.

Modern warming in large part natural

In the following we will briefly comment on the claims made by the Belgian signatories.

1. The earth is warming up. Worldwide, the average temperature has already risen by about 1°C (compared to the average temperature between 1850 and 1900)."

Yes, the earth is warming up. But that is business as usual. Earth's history tells us that climate change has always happened. The geological archive shows very nicely that hot and cold periods have alternated regularly. This happened with sudden jerks and jolts, two steps forward and then one step backward.

We really don't have to go back to the great ice ages. Archaeological information shows that around the year 1000 we knew the Medieval Warmth Period. Back then there was plenty of agriculture in Greenland! And in the golden age we were in the middle of the Little Ice Age. The great Dutch and Belgian paintings show beautiful ice scenes from that cold period. From the end of that small ice age, around 1850, we entered a warming period, of course again with fits and starts. Nothing special. These are the natural movements in the climate system. Soon the temperature will drop again. Ecosystems have always moved along successfully and will do so again now.

"Scientific evidence inconclusive…unsustainable"

2. Almost 100% of the observed warming is due to human activities."

This certainty is shocking. This is indeed what the IPCC believes. However, the scientific evidence is far from conclusive. It is also highly unlikely that the natural movements would have stopped abruptly after 1850. And that since that time suddenly only man would be responsible for that warming.
But what caused the Little Ice Age, when glaciers expanded en masse? And what caused the Warm Medieval Period? As long as climate science does not have a good answer to such questions, modesty suits us.

Even today nobody understands exactly what the complex interactions are between the sun's radiation, the dynamic cloud cover, the inhomogeneous earth surface, the energy-rich currents and the water vapour-rich atmosphere. Nor do we know exactly how much human CO2 contributes to global warming. The great certainty that the IPCC wants the world to believe that man is responsible is scientifically unsustainable.

Alarmists the true "climate deniers"…"have been seduced"

3. Already with the current warming of 'only' 1°C we are confronted with increasing and stronger weather extremes such as heat waves, droughts and floods. As global warming continues, extremes will become more common. Moreover, when global warming rises above 2 degrees, the chance that global warming will strengthen itself increases enormously. A kind of snowball effect that makes it even warmer."

The authors and signatories of the letter appear here as the true climate deniers. Downright astonishing. Because the last three relevant IPCC reports (SREX, AR5 and SR15) clearly state that there are no discernible trends in droughts and floods. So there are no more or less than before, and they have not become worse or less bad. The IPCC does state that heat waves are more common in certain areas. But this is also tentative because in the US for example the dust bowl period of the 1930s still dominates all record books.

The fact that the authors allow themselves to be seduced by such exaggerations, which even contradict various IPCC reports, and suggests that their critical scientific view has been clouded by their activism.

CO2 as control knob is delusion

4. Limiting climate change and preventing self-reinforcing feedbacks is highly necessary. To limit global warming to 2 degrees, CO2 emissions must be reduced by about 25% by 2030 and by about 85% by 2050. To stay below 1.5°C, emissions must even be zero net by 2050. In order to be able to achieve this now, far-reaching and structural measures must be taken immediately – NOW. The longer we wait to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the greater the efforts will the needed to keep the warming (well below) 2 degrees.

The success of the climate movement is a simple message: "Human CO2 is the cause of global warming; global warming is causing a catastrophe; if we turn the CO2 knob, everything will be fine again." But for the above claims there is no proof. How did we get these detailed certainties? The general public is rightly asking the climate movement for hard evidence. There is convincing evidence, also published scientifically, that climate models are hypersensitive to CO2 and therefore generate too much warming. Any future warming by CO2 will therefore be much more gradual than the models indicate. But the forces of nature can also cause a turnaround to cooling.

Bizarre and worrying demands

Since CO2 reduction is very expensive at the moment, and sun, wind and biomass are far from sufficient to supply modern societies with energy, we will have to work on future technologies with which an (ideologically desired) CO2 reduction might become affordable. Nuclear energy is the most likely option. Strangely enough, Belgium plans to close all its nuclear power plants and replace them with gas power plants. This cannot be explained in the context of CO2 policy, and it is bizarre and worrying that nothing is said about this in the open letter. If the authors are really serious about CO2, they should be making a massive plea for keeping the existing nuclear power plants open for as long as possible.

Paris allows emissions to keep rising

5. Current policy measures fall far short of what is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. CO2 emissions are still increasing worldwide, so we are not emitting less, but more and more every year. The opposite of what needs to be done. Moreover, the proposed policy measures are still miles from what is necessary to drastically reduce emissions, and that applies at local, Belgian, European and global levels. With the proposals currently on the table, the world is heading for more than 3°C warming by the end of the century. That may sound little, but the consequences are enormous."

The fact that CO2 emissions are still increasing worldwide was simply agreed on in the much applauded Paris Climate Agreement. All countries were there. China and India can and will continue to emit more CO2 until 2030.

Gigantic costs, with literally no impact

If we still insist on CO2 reduction for ideological reasons, we should not close the relatively clean power plants in Western Europe, but the many polluting power plants in Asia. China, for example, is going to greatly expand its polluting coal-fired power stations and turn them into an export product.

What we in the Netherlands and Belgium contribute to CO2 is miniscule, but reduction will cost many hundreds of billions of euros. For example, if we in the Netherlands achieve the target of 49% CO2 reduction by 2030 (more than the authors of the open letter propose), it would result in 0.0003 degrees less warming by 2100 – negligible and immeasurable. And if Belgium closes its nuclear power plants, there would be no other choice but to rely on fossil fuels. That is the reality!

0.05°C less warming for $1 TRILLION per year

6. Action against climate change is much more economically advantageous than not taking action. In the longer term, the costs of inaction are much higher than the investments to reduce emissions. Doing nothing leads to enormous costs, including damage from floods, storms and forest fires. Extreme droughts and resulting food shortages can cause social unrest in many countries and lead to global migration. The transition to an emission-free society, on the other hand, is economically much more advantageous and even creates additional jobs. Moreover, the direct subsidies for fossil fuels worldwide amount to more than 500 billion dollars annually. This amount, or even only part of it, would, for example, facilitate the transition to a carbon-neutral society."

These are highly dubious claims. The claim that doing nothing will entail much higher costs is but very questionable. The cure can be worse than the disease and we believe that current climate policy is a typical example of this. Bjorn Lomborg calculated, for example, that if all countries honour their voluntary commitments under the Paris Agreement, the temperature effect in 2100 will be only 0.05 degrees Celsius. This is also negligible. According to Lomborg, the policy is already costing USD 1000 to 2000 billion a year, mainly as a result of reduced economic growth. This is a major problem for developing countries. They are still working hard to bring their citizens up to the same level of prosperity as we have in the West.

Green economy in fact leads to net job losses

The suggestions that climate policy will create extra jobs are also misleading. Of course, you create jobs if you put hundreds of billions of public money into the energy transition. However, the question is how many jobs are lost elsewhere and what the net effect is. Experience in Germany and Spain shows that green jobs are extremely expensive jobs and therefore harm the economy. So it is scientifically all very embarrassing what is being claimed here.

Confused academics

7. Knowledge and technologies needed to drastically reduce CO2 emissions already exist. It now requires foremost the political courage to take the necessary structural measures and to fully commit to the transition to a society without greenhouse gas emissions. After all, the transition will only be possible if, among other things, the supply of renewable energy is rapidly and strongly expanded, buildings become power stations instead of energy guzzlers, mobility is reformed, deforestation is prevented here and elsewhere and trees are planted where possible, and if the emissions caused by the enormous livestock population are also tackled. These investments also offer the opportunity for positive change in many other areas. For example, cleaner air and sufficient food and drinkable water for everyone."

Here climate change and environmental issues are completely mixed up. The confusion caused by these two problems is considerable. Many people who say they are very concerned about climate change actually mean that they are very concerned about the natural environment, such as soot and fine particles in the air and plastics in the oceans. From a historical perspective, the great forces of nature seem to play a prominent role in the change of the earth's climate, yet in the deterioration of the environment, man is undoubtedly dominant.

Two final comments from the Foundation:

Lost scientific independence "extremely worrying"

a) The greatest value of a scientist is his or her independence. We see that scientists are becoming increasingly financially dependent on government and industry. Political and commercial interests have become an increasingly important part of research. As a result, many scientists have lost their independence. The Belgian manifesto makes this painfully clear once again. That is extremely worrying. Are there still independent teachers to be found today?

The history of science tells us time and again that scientific progress has never gained from consensus, but from stubborn scientists who dared to question existing concepts. It is in the interests of science and humanity that these dissidents do not become silenced, as is currently the case with the IPCC, the public media and commercial lobby groups.

Skepticism is the basis of all scientific progress. People who no longer doubt and are convinced that they are right, do not ask questions but argue. That's why we aren't making any headway in the climate debate.

Child being misused by alarmists

b). In Belgium, the climate movement has now also started using children for their ideological cause. A rather peculiar strategy. What children need to learn is to take a critical look at the facts. So what is happening now goes against everything that education should stand for. We are increasingly seeing children being abused to achieve goals.

Who remembers that washed ashore refugee boy on the beach, an image that was frequently used by refugee organisations, or the asylum boy who had a microphone pushed under his nose with TV crew chairman Dijkhoff, or the crying Lili and Howick in the NOS news, etc.? Anyone who wants to be proved right by putting children at the front of their causes is morally reprehensible. Teachers who work in this manner should be deeply ashamed.



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Relationship between arsenic accumulation in tissues and hematological parameters in mullet caught in Faro Lake: a preliminary study

Abstract

The authors investigated the arsenic (As) accumulation in different tissues (muscle, gill, liver, stomach, and intestine) and the possible correlation between tissue concentration and hematological parameters in mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) caught in Faro Lake (Messina, Sicily, Italy). On all fish, hematological analyses of blood samples, measurement of biometric indices, and the removal of the muscles, gills, liver, stomach, and intestine for the determination of arsenic concentration were performed. A hemogram was performed to find effects of arsenic concentration in tissues on hematological variables. One-way analysis of variance showed significant differences of arsenic concentration in different tissues, with higher values in the gill. The correlation between hematological parameters and tissue arsenic concentration showed a statistical significance for red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) with the liver As concentration. Biometric indices (weight, length, and fork length) showed a significant correlation with As concentration of the muscle and liver also. Our results indicate the role of some hematological parameters as biomarkers useful to monitoring anthropogenic load of arsenic in water and sediment, because variations of these parameters represent one of the effects that arsenic exposure can have on fish.



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Synergistic effect and degradation mechanism on Fe-Ni/CNTs for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Abstract

Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles supported on CNTs (Fe-Ni/CNTs) were synthesized, characterized, and applied for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution. The removal performance was enhanced drastically on Fe-Ni/CNTs with respect to monometallic Fe/CNTs. The synergistic effect between Fe-Ni nanoparticles and CNTs has been studied in detail. The research results indicated that the doping of Ni played an important role in promoting the catalytic degradation of 2,4-DCP. And the presence of CNTs not only could effectively reduce the aggregation of nanoparticles but also facilitate the mass transfer of 2,4-DCP and the formation of active atomic hydrogen during the catalytic process. In addition, the removal kinetics of 2,4-DCP by Fe-Ni/CNTs were in agreement with a pseudo-first-order model, and the rate constants were dependent on a number of factors including the initial concentration of 2,4-DCP, the dosage of Fe-Ni/CNTs, pH value of the solution, and doping amount of Ni. The degradation mechanism involved the adsorption by CNTs and catalytic reduction by Fe under the stimulating of Ni, and the preferred dechlorination followed the order of para-Cl > ortho-Cl. The study confirmed that Fe-Ni/CNTs had a potential to be a promising catalytic material for removal of chlorophenol and had a great prospect for practical application.



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Flashback to 2007: Snowdon will be snow-free in 13 years, scientists warn

By Paul Homewood

 

h/t Joe Public

 

Only one year to go then. They'd better get their blowtorch out!

 

image

Those who originally named the peak spoke as they probably found it, calling it "Snow Dun", from the Saxon for "snow hill". But Snowdon may lose its snow cover within 13 years as a result of climate change, Welsh scientists say.

Snow has been disappearing for some time from the peak, the highest in Britain south of the Highlands, but the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) disclosed that this winter's accumulation is the lowest since records began 14 years ago. With only a couple of snowfalls this winter, the total depths measured are way down on previous years and, if the trend continues, any kind of the cover could disappear by 2020.

The loss of snow is already threatening the rare Snowdon lily, a relic of the last ice age, which relies on harsh winters to survive and is losing its habitat to bracken and other plants.

Lembit Opik, the leader of the Liberal Democrats in Wales and the MP for Montgomeryshire, said: "Snow-capped Snowdon has been an iconic Welsh image for centuries. It is shocking to think that in just 14 years, snow on this great mountain could become nothing but a permanent and distant memory."

https://web.archive.org/web/20081010195549/http:/www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/snowdon-will-be-snowfree-in-13-years-scientists-warn-432596.html

 

 

Currently Snowden is covered in the white, thing of the past:

 snowdon1-20190201-135003-aab366-1000

http://snowdon.webcam/#



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Evidence Mounts Against Climate Prediction That Inspired ‘Day After Tomorrow’ Disaster Flick

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From The Daily Caller Michael Bastasch | Energy Editor New evidence suggests climate model predictions are way off when it comes to the Gulf Stream. Scientists warned global warming could halt the Atlantic's "conveyor belt" and plunge temperatures. However, observational data contradicts this alarming prediction and suggests climate models are wrong. New evidence casts further…

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Climate change spreads AIDS

Yesterday lots of people died and made the climate change. Today climate change is causing more AIDS and killing people.

It all goes to show that climate change is the most useless phrase in the English language.

It's able to be used in so many contradictory ambiguous ways, as to mean everything, and therefore, nothing.

It's useless to anyone who wants to convey information, but pretty handy for those who want to convey fog instead. Anyone want to prey on the good-but-confused?

How climate change is undermining the war against HIV in Africa Widespread poverty and worsening droughts, floods and other climate risks make Africa particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change

Climate change is always 50 shades of evil:

Yaounde — Teenage girls growing up in Lesotho in areas hit by harsh drought and other climate shocks are more likely to drop out of school, start having sex earlier and contract HIV, researchers say.

Even the IPCC doesn't really pretend in their scientific hearts that we can predict or attribute the causes of drought and flood, yet here it gets bundled in with "climate change" as if everyone knows that droughts are getting worse (they're not) and [...]

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‘Little Ice Age’ which froze the River Thames caused by Americas genocide, study finds

http://bit.ly/2RYEqQh The Inca ruler Atahulpa supplicant before the conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1533 The Inca ruler Atahulpa supplicant before the conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1533 CREDIT: HULTON ARCHIVE Henry Bodkin, science correspondent 31 JANUARY 2019 • 3:31PM Follow The "Little Ice Age" of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was triggered by the genocide of indigenous [...]

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BBC: STUDY: American genocide of Indigenous Peoples during colonisation ‘cooled Earth’s climate’ – Caused a ‘genocide-generated drop in CO₂’

https://bbc.in/2Tnz2TD America colonisation 'cooled Earth's climate' By Jonathan Amos BBC Science Correspondent 31 January 2019 Share this with Facebook Share this with WhatsApp Share this with Messenger Share this with Twitter Share Media captionMark Maslin and Chris Brierley: "A genocide-generated drop in carbon dioxide" Colonisation of the Americas at the end of the 15th Century [...]

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[ASAP] Tunneling Diffusion of Excess Protons in Amorphous Solid Water at 10 and 80 K

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11829
jpccck?d=yIl2AUoC8zA


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This Week In Doom — Men Can Have Abortions Edition

Item Northam on Abortion Bill: Infant Could Be Delivered and Then 'Physicians and the Mother' Could Decide If It Lives

Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam (D.) commented Wednesday about a controversial 40-week abortion bill and in so doing said the law allows an abortion to take place after the infant's birth.

"If a mother is in labor, I can tell you exactly what would happen. The infant would be delivered. The infant would be kept comfortable. The infant would be resuscitated if that's what the mother and the family desired, and then a discussion would ensue between the physicians and the mother," Northam said, alluding to the physician and mother discussing whether the born infant should live or die.

Please re-read this essay about women's "rights".

Item Man interrogated by police for liking a 'transphobic' tweet

Harry Miller, who believes 'trans women are not women', says the formal probe by Humberside Police was into his 'thinking' and his reasons for liking the limerick on Twitter. The limerick referred to trans women as 'stupid' and made comments about vaginas and 'synthetic' hormones.

Mr Miller, who used to be a policeman, says an officer told him he was investigating reports of a hate crime. 'Cop said he was in possession of 30 tweets by me,' he recalled on Twitter. 'I asked if any contained criminal material. He said "No." 'I asked if any came close to being criminal and he read me a limerick. Honestly. A limerick. A cop read me a limerick over the phone.' After telling the PC he did not write the limerick, he reportedly said: 'Ah. But you liked it and promoted it.'

He concluded: 'It's not a crime, but it will be recorded as a hate incident.'…

'Lastly, he told me that I needed to watch my words more carefully or I was at risk of being sacked by the company for hate speech.'

Urgent reader task: Anybody know what the limerick is? Will post it in next Doom.

Reality, as we have long stressed, is now illegal in many venues. Speaking of Reality is a 'hate' crime. Threatening and carrying out violence on those who admit Reality is, as it does not need saying, an efficient method to silence.

Item 9 Arrested In Climate Change Protest At Rockefeller Center: Cops

A banner draped across a statue at Rockefeller Center read "climate change=mass murder."…

The demonstration at Rockefeller Center was staged to protest climate change. Photos posted to social media showed protesters participating in a "die-in" at the ice skating rink. Photos also showed a banner draped across a statue at the rink that read "climate change = mass murder."

The Facebook event for the protest, named "Rebellion Day One," says the goal of the group organizing the protest — Extinction Rebellion — is to get to net zero emissions by 2025 by participating in mass civil disobedience.

I am saddened to report to you that this was not a real die-in, but a simulated die-in. These millennials have no commitment. Let's all encourage them to do better next time!

Item The World Health Organization Says "Men" Can Get Abortions

he World Health Organization (WHO) has issued medical guidance on abortion intended to reflect the latest scientific evidence in the field. However, its most apparent change was cultural rather than medical. This new report began by insisting it is not only females who can become pregnant, but so can women who think they are men, that is, "those with varying gender identities."

The guidance further stated that abortion must be provided in a manner promoting health and human rights "including sex and gender equality," implying a sharp distinction between the two….

If a healthcare employee objects to abortion as a matter of conscience, the guidance offers only the suggestion that task-shifting to nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and other health care employees might "reduce the burden" and ensure abortion access is unimpeded. In an earlier 2012 technical and policy guidance on "safe abortion," WHO instructed that conscientious objectors must provide a timely referral. If this is impossible, WHO insists the objector "must provide abortion to save the woman's life or to prevent damage to her health."

Since killing the lives inside would-be mothers is the goal of abortion, it is, of course, impossible not to damage the health of these lives.

Item Proposed law would make animal cruelty a felony across the U.S.

Two members of the U.S. House of Representatives re-introduced a bill last week that would make malicious acts of animal cruelty a felony nationwide. A person convicted of the crime could face a fine or up to seven years in prison, or both.

The bill, known as the Preventing Animal Cruel and Torture (PACT) Act, is co-sponsored by Democrat Ted Deutch and Republican Vern Buchanan. PACT would criminalize "crushing, burning, drowning, suffocating and impaling animals." The measure would also address bestiality and other attempts to sexually exploit animals.

It is, of course, a good thing to criminalize bestiality, but not if it's done for the wrong reason ("…the final treason"). It should be illegal because it goes against man's nature, not because it frightens the horses.

Here's a law they'll use, we might guess, to start banning some meats. Not immediately. But it will be judged this or that farming or slaughter or hunting practice is cruel. And what is cruel will slowly expand to acts such as axing a turkey's head or placing a bullet between the ribs of wild animals. Maybe these pushes stall at first, but PETA-type organizations will absolutely attempt to use the law as a wedge.

And then comes animal "rights." It will be call the "true equality". Wait and see.

Item Financial Blacklisting: NewsGuard Advises Advertisers to Avoid Pro-Trump Media

NewsGuard, the news-filtering browser extension recently partnered with Microsoft and run by neoconservatives, Obama-Clinton alumni, and other assorted Trump haters, has advised advertisers to withdraw their business from websites on its blacklist of "unreliable" news websites — a list that includes Breitbart News, The Drudge Report, and the Daily Mail.

Labeling Drudge and DM "right" wing is amusing, so let's first chuckle. The real meaning is the media on the dissident right is going to have to find another way to fund itself than via advertising. Most capital is now woke. Ads therefore are out. We're going to have to self fund.

Item Catholic Church in Texas Names Nearly 300 Priests Accused of Sex Abuse

The Roman Catholic Church in Texas on Thursday released the names of almost 300 priests who it said had been credibly accused of child sex abuse over nearly eight decades.

Not that these largely homosexual predators are innocent, but I'm struck by how the phrase credibly accused entered our vocabulary so quickly as a synonym of guilty.



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Chinese rover finds lunar nights ‘colder than expected’

View from the Moon [credit: NASA]


Quoting from another report: 'Data from the Apollo missions had already revealed that the moon's sunlit surface can climb to 260 degrees Fahrenheit (127 degrees Celsius) during the day, and drop to minus 280 F (minus 173 C) at night. But all of that data comes from the side of the moon that faces Earth.' They think the answer to the mystery lies in the soil, which might raise other questions about the rotating sphere with no 'sides' that the lander is on.

China's lunar lander has woken from a freezing fortnight-long hibernation to find night-time temperatures on the moon's dark side are colder than previously thought, the national space agency said Thursday.

The Chang'e-4 probe—named after a Chinese moon goddess—made the first ever soft landing on the far side of the moon on January 3, a major step in China's ambitions to become a space superpower, says Phys.org.

Temperatures on the moon's surface plummeted to minus 190 degrees celsius (-310 degrees Fahrenheit) during the probe's first lunar night, which "was colder than scientists expected," the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said.

The night-time temperatures were recorded by the Chinese probe after it became active on Wednesday, following a slumber that lasted for about two earth weeks.

They were lower than those recorded by previous US missions to the near side of the moon, Zhang He, executive director of the Chang'e-4 mission, told Xinhua news agency.

"That's probably due to the difference in lunar soil composition between the two sides of the moon," he said.

Full report here.



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Ice Floes on Lake Michigan

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Worth a look From Two Branches (formerly Zlaxfish) Photography CC license Link to source HT/Peter L

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Immunostimulating effects of Ginkgo biloba extract against toxicity induced by organophosphate pesticide, diazinon in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss : innate immunity components and immune-related genes

Abstract

The immunostimulating and therapeutic properties of Ginkgo biloba (GB) have always been the focus of traditional medicine over thousands of years. During last decade, special attentions were paid to use of GB in aquaculture to enhance fish health and survival. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the immunogenic effects of dietary GB against oxidative and toxicity induced by organophosphate pesticide, diazinon. In non-diazinon-exposed fish, the plasma total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity, and peroxidase activity significantly elevated after 60-day experiment in fish supplemented with 1 and 2 g GB/kg diet (p < 0.05). The respiratory burst activity and complement activity significantly increased only in groups supplemented with 0.5 g GB/kg diet (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the peroxidase activity, total immunoglobulin, and lysozyme activity significantly declined in groups supplemented with 4 g GB/kg diet during feeding trial (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) genes in kidney between control group (non-GB-supplemented fish) and GB-supplemented fish (p > 0.05). In diazinon-exposed fish, all immunity components significantly decreased during exposure in control and those fed 0.5 and 4 g GB/kg diet (p < 0.05). In fish fed 1 and 2 g GB/kg diet, no alternations were found in immunity components during exposure period (p > 0.05). In addition, diazinon induced the expression of IL-1β and TGF-β1 genes in control and fish fed 0.5 and 4 g GB/kg diet (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in expression of IL-1β and TGF-β1 genes in fish supplemented with 1 and 2 g GB/kg (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest an immunogenic role for dietary GB at optimum dietary levels (1–2 g GB/kg diet) against toxicity induced by diazinon. Nevertheless, GB at high dietary levels (4 g GB/kg diet) showed immunosuppressive effects, which makes it necessary to optimize its levels in diet.



from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SmrR0x

Optimization of physical parameters for enhanced production of lipase from Staphylococcus hominis using response surface methodology

Abstract

Lipase, a versatile hydrolytic enzyme, is gaining more importance in environmental applications such as treatment of oil and grease containing wastewater, pretreatment of solid waste/industrial wastewater for anaerobic treatment. In the present study, the attempts have been made to improve the production of lipase from Staphylococcus hominis MTCC 8980 by optimization of pH, temperature, and agitation speed in lab scale shake flasks culture. The experiments were designed using the full factorial central composite design of experiment. A total of 20 experiments were conducted, and the optimized pH, temperature, and agitation speed were found to be 7.9, 33.1 °C, and 178.4 rpm, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test revealed that the linear terms for temperature and agitation were significant (p value < 0.05). Interaction for pH and agitation speed was found to have a significant effect on lipase production from S. hominis MTCC 8980. A 150% increase in enzyme activity was observed under the optimized conditions with the maximum lipase activity of 1.82 U/ml. Further enhancement of enzyme activity can be expected from the optimization of medium components.



from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2HLDAl7

A regional data assimilation system for estimating CO surface flux from atmospheric mixing ratio observations—a case study of Xuzhou, China

Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventory data are crucial for air quality control. However, the emission inventories are labor-intensive and time-consuming and generally have large uncertainties. In this study, we developed a new regional data assimilation system (TracersTracker) for estimating the surface CO emission flux from continuous mixing ratio observations using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based four-dimensional variational (4D-VAR) data assimilation method (POD-4DVar) and a coupled regional model (Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) with the Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model). This system was applied to estimate CO emissions in Xuzhou city, China. An experiment was conducted with the continuous hourly surface CO mixing ratio observations from 21 monitoring towers in January and July of 2016. The experimental results of the system were examined and compared with the continuous surface CO observations (a priori emission). We found that the retrieved CO emission fluxes were higher than the a priori emission and were mainly distributed in urban and industrial areas, which were 104% higher in January (winter) and 44% higher in July (summer).



from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SkIrOo

A mini review of bisphenol A (BPA) effects on cancer-related cellular signaling pathways

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer used widely in many industrial products and is now well established as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). BPA readily leaches out from these products into the environment and into foodstuffs (from packaging materials) and human exposure can be considerable. Many studies have shown that BPA exposure is associated with a range of chronic human health conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, polycystic ovarian disease, hepatotoxicity, and various types of cancer. BPA exerts its effects through deregulating cell signaling pathways associated with cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Previous studies on the molecular mechanisms of BPA have illustrated a variety of pathways impaired at very low exposure concentrations and that stimulate cellular responses relating to tumorigenesis both in cancer onset and progression. In this mini review, the recent advancements made through in vitro analyses are reported on for the effect of BPA on various cellular signaling pathways focusing on the signaling pathways that play a major role in carcinogenesis.



from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2HN6Zvs

Soil amendments for cadmium phytostabilization by five marigold cultivars

Abstract

In recent years, ornamental plants have come under investigation as phytoremediation agents. In addition to reducing contaminant concentrations in soil, such plants support local economies by serving social (e.g., religious) and decorative purposes. Greenhouse studies investigated the phytostabilization potential of soil cadmium (Cd) by five cultivars of marigold (Tagetes erecta), a common ornamental flower in Asia. The effects of organic (cattle manure and pig manure) and inorganic (leonardite and Osmocote®) amendments in supporting plant growth and enhancing Cd uptake were also examined. Marigold cultivars Babuda and Sunshine grown in soil supplemented with pig manure produced the greatest biomass and experienced greatest Cd accumulation and flower production. In all treatments, plant parts accumulated Cd in the following order: root > shoot ≈ flower. Furthermore, Babuda and Sunshine cultivars had a high phytostabilization potential as evidenced by translocation factors < 1 and bioconcentration factors > 1 for roots. It is proposed that Babuda and Sunshine marigold cultivars be applied toward Cd phytostabilization while enhancing local economies as an ornamental species.



from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SnhdGO

Nitrogen transfer from one plant to another depends on plant biomass production between conspecific and heterospecific species via a common arbuscular mycorrhizal network

Abstract

The formation of a common mycorrhizal network (CMN) between roots of different plant species enables nutrient transfers from one plant to another and their coexistence. However, almost all studies on nutrient transfers between CMN-connected plants have separately, but not simultaneously, been demonstrated under the same experimentation. Both conspecific and heterospecific seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora, Bidens pilosa, and Broussonetia papyrifera native to a karst habitat in southwest China were concurrently grown in a growth microcosm that had seven hollowed compartments (six around one in the center) being covered by 35.0-μm and/or 0.45-μm nylon mesh. The Ci. camphora in the central compartment was supplied with or without Glomus etunicatum and 15N to track N transfers between CMN-connected conspecific and heterospecific seedlings. The results showed as follows: significant greater nitrogen accumulations, biomass productions, 15N content, % Ntransfer, and the Ntransfer amount between receiver plant species ranked as Br. papyriferaBi. pilosa > Ci. camphora under both M+ and M, and as under M+ than under M for Ci. camphora but not for both Bi. Pilosa and Br. papyrifera; the CMN transferred more nitrogen (15N content, % Ntransfer, and Ntransfer amount) from the donor Ci. camphora to the heterospecific Br. papyrifera and Bi. pilosa, with a lower percentage of nitrogen derived from transfer (%NDFT). These findings suggest that the CMN may potentially regulate the nitrogen transfer from a donor plant to individual heterospecific receiver plants, where the ratio of nitrogen derived from transfer depends on the biomass strength of the individual plants.



from Climate Change Skeptic Blogs via hj on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2HNAygf

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