Wednesday, November 3, 2021

New Drug Approvals

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Association between diabetes mellitus and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a population‐based cross‐sectional study

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ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate the association between physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) phenotypes in a national population-based study.

Study Design

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting

Population-based survey data collected by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey between January 2008 and December 2012.

Participants and Methods

A total of 34,670 participants aged over 19 years were enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2012. The relationship of CRS prevalence, with and without nasal polyps, with physician-diagnosed DM and non-DM were assessed. Differences in sinonasal symptoms between patients with and without DM were analyzed in this cross-sectional study.

Results

A significant association was observed between DM and CRS with nasal polyps after adjustment for multiple variables. No substantial association was observed between DM and CRS without nasal polyps. Among patients with CRS, olfactory dysfunction for >3 months was significantly more frequent in the DM group than in the non-DM group.

Conclusion

We demonstrated significant associations between DM and CRS with nasal polyps and olfactory dysfunction among patients with CRS in a large national clinical cohort study. The direct mechanism of the association between DM and CRS with nasal polyps should be further investigated to clarify the pathogenesis of CRS with nasal polyps.
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Is preoperative bone conduction shape a prognostic factor in otosclerosis surgery?

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Abstract

We focused on 175 patients operated on for otosclerosis. There were 89 in group 1 (preoperative 4000 Hz BC threshold better than 2000 Hz) and 86 in group 2 (preoperative 2000 Hz BC threshold better than 4000 Hz). Preoperatively, there was no significant difference in terms of average bone conduction (BC) thresholds, average air conduction (AC) thresholds and air-bone gap (ABG) between the two groups. Three months and 1 year after surgery, group 1 had better audiometric outcomes than group 2 in terms of average AC and BC thresholds and ABG. Postoperative BC gain was better in group 1 than group 2, particularly at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz. When the 4000 Hz BC threshold was preoperatively impaired (group 2), it was not worsened after stapes surgery. This was not the case in group 1.

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Nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPFs)-derived exosomes are important for the release of vascular endothelial growth factor from cocultured eosinophils and NPFs

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Publication date: Available online 1 November 2021

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Shino Shimizu, Ichiro Tojima, Keigo Nakamura, Hiroyuki Arai, Hideaki Kouzaki, Takeshi Shimizu
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Anterior cruciate ligament innervation in primary knee osteoarthritis

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Histol Histopathol. 2021 Nov 2:18389. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-389. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To relate the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) innervation and histologic degeneration status to the knee osteoarthritis radiologic and functional status.

DESIGN: Prospective observational study including 30 consecutive patients affected by primary knee osteoarthritis undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). All patients suffering secondary knee osteoarthritis, an antecedent of an infectious process, malignant process, autoimmune disorder, or previous knee surgery were excluded. We recorded biodemographic, clinical, and radiologic variables of all participants previous to the TKA procedure. ACL tissue was harvested during TKA standard procedure and the obtained sample was fixed in 4% formalin and paraffin-embedded. ACL cross-sections were stained by haematoxylin-eosin and Gallego staining for elastic and collagen fibers, and Sevier-Munger silver staining for nervous tissue.

RESULTS: ACL samples histologic degeneration classification reported 15.4% normal, 23.1% slight, 26.9% mild, 11.5% moderate and 23.1% marked. We noted 46.2% large nervous fascicles, 15.4% medium fascicles, 3.8% small fascicles, and no nerve fibers were found in 34.6% ACL samples. No significant correlation was found between the histologic degeneration and the nervous fiber quantification (p>0.05, in all cases). We noted a significant histologic degeneration inverse correlation with the VAS scale (p=0.016), and nervous fiber quantification correlation with Lequesne maximum distance walked punctuation (p=0.043). We also noted greater nervous fiber quantification with minor radiological knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade II).

CONCLUSIONS: ACL degeneration and innervation deficit may play a role in primary knee osteoarthritis onset, but the lack of a defining relationship among the different parameters assessed justifies further research in greater populations.

PMID:34725806 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-389
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Effects of demographic, audiologic, and hearing-aid-related variables on the outcomes of using hearing aids

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Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Nov 1. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07126-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine the influence of demographic, audiologic, and hearing-aid (HA)-related variables on HA outcomes.

METHODS: In total, 235 adults with hearing loss (HL) who used HAs for at least 3 months were included in the study, and completed audiologic tests and the Chinese version of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA). Spearman correlation analysis and Wilcoxon test were conducted to identify factors related to IOI-HA overall and subscales scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was subsequently performed to determine the influence of factors on HA outcomes.

RESULTS: Age, daily use time, HA price, pure tone average (PTA) threshold, word recognition score (WRS), fitting (bilateral or unilateral), and HA style were associated with IOI-HA overall and subscales scores. However, on ly WRS, daily HA use time, HA price, and age entered the final regression model and were factors determining HA outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: HA outcome is a multi-dimensional construct. In this study, WRS had the greatest influence on HA outcomes and seemed to be a primary predictor. Thus, HA owners with a higher WRS before HA fitting may indicate better satisfaction. Daily use time, HA price, and patient age also made significant contributions to HA outcomes and should be considered in clinical practice to facilitate auditory rehabilitation.

PMID:34725721 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07126-4
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Evaluation of Size, Laterality, and Location of Unilateral Vocal Fold Lesions on Voice Quality

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The presence of a vocal fold mass implies high mechanical stress at the vocal fold base during vibration and an impaired glottic closure. However, evidence about its potential effects on diagnostic tools used in voice evaluation is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the location, laterality, and size of a unilateral unique vocal fold lesion on patient self-assessment questionnaires, acoustic-aerodynamic voice measures, and perceptual voice evaluation (GRBAS scale).
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A comparison of bronchial blocker under artificial pneumothorax and double-lumen endobronchial tube for lung isolation in thoracoscopic enucleation of oesophageal leiomyoma

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J Cardiothorac Surg. 2021 Oct 31;16(1):322. doi: 10.1186/s13019-021-01707-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oesophageal leiomyomas are one of the most common benign oesophageal tumours. This retrospective, observational study summarized and compared the clinical outcomes of thoracoscopic enucleation of oesophageal leiomyoma between single-lumen endotracheal intubation with a bronchial blocker and double-lumen endotracheal intubation.

METHODS: A total of 36 patients who underwent thoracoscopic enucleation of oesophageal leiomyoma at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2014 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Fifteen patients received single-lumen endotracheal intubation combined with a right bronchial blocker (SLT-B group), and twenty-one patients received double-lumen endotracheal intubation (DLT group). Clinical data, surgical variables, and postoperative complications were analysed and compared.

RESULTS: The average tumour s ize in all patients was 4.3 ± 2.0 cm. The average tumour size among symptomatic patients was significantly larger than that among asymptomatic patients (5.1 ± 2.0 cm vs 3.7 ± 1.7 cm, P < 0.05). Patients in the SLT-B group had a significantly larger average tumour size than patients in the DLT group (5.4 ± 2.1 cm vs 3.5 ± 1.4 cm, P < 0.05). The SLT-B group had a significantly shorter operation time and shorter total hospital stay than the DLT group. No mucosal injury, conversion to thoracotomy, or other operative complications occurred in the SLT-B group. In the follow-up, no recurrence, dysphagia, or regurgitation was found in any of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with traditional double-lumen intubation, artificial pneumothorax-assisted single-lumen endotracheal intubation combined with a bronchial blocker for thoracoscopic oesophageal leiomyoma enucleation can achieve complete removal of larger tumours, with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays.

PMID:34719379 | DOI:10.1186/s13019-021-01707-4
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Adaptation to a High Iodine Intake in Greenland Inuit Suggested by Thyroid Disease Pattern

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Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
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Cutoff Age Between Pediatric and Adult Thyroid Differentiated Cancer: Is 18 Years Old Appropriate?

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Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
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Monday, November 1, 2021

The effectiveness of alprostadil in treating coronary microcirculation dysfunction following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a pig model

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Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1449. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10884. Epub 2021 Oct 14.

ABSTRACT

Though alprostadil has been reported to improve the impaired microcirculation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, its effectiveness as a treatment for coronary microvasculature dysfunction (CMD) following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unknown. A total of 18 miniature pigs with CMD following STEMI were randomized into three groups that received an intracoronary injection of 5 ml of normal saline, 2 mg of nicorandil or 10 µg of alprostadil immediately after measurement of the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) and then an intravenous drip containing 5 ml of normal saline, 2 mg of nicorandil or 10 µg of alprostadil once a day for 6 days. The IMR, cardiac function using ultrasound, infarct areas and heparanase levels in infarct areas were measured and compared between the three groups. The IMR decreased markedly 10 min after alprostadil or nicorandil intracoronary injection (both P<0.05) but not following saline injection (P>0.05). After 7 days, the IMR was substantially lower in the alprostadil and nicorandil groups compared with the saline group (both P<0.05) and the ejection fraction was considerably higher in the alprostadil and nicorandil groups compared with the saline group (both P<0.05). Differences in infarct areas and the relative heparanase expression levels among the 3 groups were similar to the differences in the ejection fraction. No significant differences in the above assessment indexes were identified in the alprostadil and nicorandil groups. Alprostadil infusion improved coronary microcirculation function, reduced the infarct area and limited left ventricular dilatation in a pig coronary microvasculature dysfunction model following STEMI.

PMID:34721691 | PMC:PMC8549090 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10884
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Dynamic observation of 5-fluorouracil-induced myocardial injury and mitochondrial autophagy in aging rats

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Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1451. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10886. Epub 2021 Oct 14.

ABSTRACT

Patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can develop rare but potentially severe cardiac effects, including cardiomyopathy, angina pectoris, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The specific pathologies and underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. The results of previous studies have indicated that mitochondrial autophagy is widely detected in many angiocardiopathies. In the present study, the dynamic changes in the homeostasis of mitochondrial injury and autophagy were observed in rats treated with 5-FU for different durations. A corresponding control group and a 5-FU model group were established in groups of Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2 and 18 months, and the myocardial enzyme levels were determined at different time points. At 2 weeks post-model establishment, cardiac ultrasound and myocardial histological staining were performed , cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial mitochondrial function were assessed, and mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined. In addition, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were evaluated in the 18-month-old rats on days 7 and 14 of 5-FU administration. The experimental results demonstrated that 5-FU induced an elevation in the levels of myocardial enzymes, as well as changes in the cardiac structure and function, and that these changes were more prominent over longer drug durations. In addition, 5-FU decreased the levels of myocardial mitochondrial ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and aggravated myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared with those observed in the untreated control group, treated with the same volume of saline as 5-FU in the 5-FU group. These injuries were particularly evident in aging rats. Notably, 5-FU increased the expression levels of myocardial mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins, and electron microscopy revealed a more severe autophagic state in the model groups compared with that in the control groups. In conclusion, 5-FU induced myocardial mitochondrial damage, the degree of which was more severe in aging rats compared with that in young rats. The mitochondrial autophagy induced by 5-FU was excessive, and the degree of autophagy was aggravated with increased 5-FU administration time.

PMID:34721693 | PMC:PMC8549097 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10886
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