Designs, Codes and Cryptography

Correction to: Improved Singleton bound on frequency hopping sequences and optimal constructions The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in an equation.

Polynomial time bounded distance decoding near Minkowski's bound in discrete logarithm lattices Abstract We propose a concrete family of dense lattices of arbitrary dimension n in which the lattice bounded distance decoding (BDD) problem can be solved in deterministic polynomial time. This construction is directly adapted from the Chor–Rivest cryptosystem (IEEE-TIT 1988). The lattice construction needs discrete logarithm computations that can be made in deterministic polynomial time for well-chosen parameters. Each lattice comes with a deterministic polynomial time decoding algorithm able to decode up to large radius. Namely, we reach decoding radius within \(O(\log n)\) Minkowski's bound, for both \(\ell _1\) and \(\ell _2\) norms.

Nearly optimal robust secret sharing Abstract We prove that a known general approach to improve Shamir's celebrated secret sharing scheme; i.e., adding an information-theoretic authentication tag to the secret, can make it robust for n parties against any collusion of size \(\delta n\) , for any constant \(\delta \in (0, 1/2)\) . Shamir's original scheme is robust for all \(\delta \in (0,1/3)\) . Beyond that, we employ the best known list decoding algorithms for Reed-Solomon codes and show that, with high probability, only the correct secret maintains the correct information-theoretic tag if an algebraic manipulation detection (AMD) code is used to tag secrets. This result holds in the so-called "non-rushing" model in which the n shares are submitted simultaneously for reconstruction. We thus obtain a fully explicit and robust secret sharing scheme in this model that is essentially optimal in all parameters including the share size which is \(k(1+o(1)) + O(\kappa )\) , where k is the secret length and \(\kappa \) is the security parameter. Like Shamir's scheme, in this modified scheme any set of more than \(\delta n\) honest parties can efficiently recover the secret. Using algebraic geometry codes instead of Reed-Solomon codes, the share length can be decreased to a constant (only depending on \(\delta \) ) while the number of shares n can grow independently. In this case, when n is large enough, the scheme satisfies the "threshold" requirement in an approximate sense; i.e., any set of \(\delta n(1+\rho )\) honest parties, for arbitrarily small \(\rho > 0\) , can efficiently reconstruct the secret. From a practical perspective, the main importance of our result is in showing that existing systems employing Shamir-type secret sharing schemes can be made much more robust than previously thought with minimal change, essentially only involving the addition of a short and simple checksum to the original data.

Codes with the rank metric and matroids Abstract We study the relationship between linear codes with the rank metric in the vector space of matrices with entries in a finite field and a q-analogue of matroids. We prove a Greene type identity for the rank generating function of these matroidal structures and the rank weight enumerator of these linear codes. As an application, we give a combinatorial proof of the MacWilliams type identity for Delsarte rank-metric codes.

Cameron–Liebler sets of k -spaces in $${{\mathrm{PG}}}(n,q)$$ PG ( n , q ) Abstract Cameron–Liebler sets of k-spaces were introduced recently in Filmus and Ihringer (J Combin Theory Ser A, 2019). We list several equivalent definitions for these Cameron–Liebler sets, by making a generalization of known results about Cameron–Liebler line sets in \({{\mathrm{PG}}}(n,q)\) and Cameron–Liebler sets of k-spaces in \({{\mathrm{PG}}}(2k+1,q)\) . We also present some classification results.

An algorithmic framework for the generalized birthday problem Abstract The generalized birthday problem (GBP) was introduced by Wagner in 2002 and has shown to have many applications in cryptanalysis. In its typical variant, we are given access to a function \(H:\{0,1\}^{\ell } \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n\) (whose specification depends on the underlying problem) and an integer \(K>0\) . The goal is to find K distinct inputs to H (denoted by \(\{x_i\}_{i=1}^{K}\) ) such that \(\sum _{i=1}^{K}H(x_i) = 0\) . Wagner's K-tree algorithm solves the problem in time and memory complexities of about \(N^{1/(\lfloor \log K \rfloor + 1)}\) (where \(N= 2^n\) ). In this paper, we improve the best known GBP time-memory tradeoff curve (published independently by Nikolić and Sasaki and also by Biryukov and Khovratovich) for all \(K \ge 8\) from \(T^2M^{\lfloor \log K \rfloor -1} = N\) to \(T^{\lceil (\log K)/2 \rceil + 1 }M^{\lfloor (\log K)/2 \rfloor } = N\) , applicable for a large range of parameters. We further consider values of K which are not powers of 2 and show that in many cases even more efficient time-memory tradeoff curves can be obtained. Finally, we optimize our techniques for several concrete GBP instances and show how to solve some of them with improved time and memory complexities compared to the state-of-the-art. Our results are obtained using a framework that combines several algorithmic techniques such as variants of the Schroeppel–Shamir algorithm for solving knapsack problems (devised in works by Howgrave-Graham and Joux and by Becker, Coron and Joux) and dissection algorithms (published by Dinur, Dunkelman, Keller and Shamir).

Uniqueness of codes using semidefinite programming Abstract For  \(n,d,w \in \mathbb {N}\) , let A(n, d, w) denote the maximum size of a binary code of word length n, minimum distance d and constant weight w. Schrijver recently showed using semidefinite programming that \(A(23,8,11)=1288\) , and the second author that  \(A(22,8,11)=672\) and  \(A(22,8,10)=616\) . Here we show uniqueness of the codes achieving these bounds. Let A(n, d) denote the maximum size of a binary code of word length n and minimum distance d. Gijswijt et al. showed that  \(A(20,8)=256\) . We show that there are several nonisomorphic codes achieving this bound, and classify all such codes with all distances divisible by 4.

A trigonometric sum sharp estimate and new bounds on the nonlinearity of some cryptographic Boolean functions Abstract In this paper, we give a sharp estimate of a trigonometric sum which has several applications in cryptography and sequence theory. Using this estimate, we deduce new lower bounds on the nonlinearity of Carlet–Feng function, which has very good cryptographic properties with its nonlinearity bound being improved in numerous papers, as well as the function proposed by Tang–Carlet–Tang.

Weightwise perfectly balanced functions with high weightwise nonlinearity profile Abstract Boolean functions satisfying good cryptographic criteria when restricted to the set of vectors with constant Hamming weight play an important role in the recent FLIP stream cipher (Méaux et al.: in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9665, pp. 311–343, Springer, Berlin, 2016). In this paper, we propose a large class of weightwise perfectly balanced (WPB) functions, which is 2-rotation symmetric. This new class of WPB functions is not extended affinely equivalent to the known constructions. We also discuss the weightwise nonlinearity profile of these functions, and present general lower bounds on k-weightwise nonlinearity, where k is a power of 2. Moreover, we exhibit a subclass of the family. By a recursive lower bound, we show that these subclass of WPB functions have very high weightwise nonlinearity profile.

Optimal binary constant weight codes and affine linear groups over finite fields Abstract The affine linear group of degree one, \(\text {AGL}(1,\mathbb {F}_q)\) , over the finite field \(\mathbb {F}_q\) , acts sharply two-transitively on \(\mathbb {F}_q\) . Given \(S<\text {AGL}(1,\mathbb {F}_q)\) and an integer k, \(1\le k\le q\) , does there exist a k-element subset \(B\subset \mathbb {F}_q\) whose set-wise stabilizer is S? Our main result is the derivation of two formulas which provide an answer to this question. This result allows us to determine all possible parameters of binary constant weight codes that are constructed from the action of \(\text {AGL}(1,\mathbb {F}_q)\) on \(\mathbb {F}_q\) to meet the Johnson bound. Consequently, for many parameters, we are able to determine the values of the function \(A_2(n,d,w)\) , which is the maximum number of codewords in a binary constant weight code of length n, weight w and minimum distance \(\ge d\) .

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment

Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility in Taleghan basin, Iran Abstract Identifying landslide-susceptible zones is warranted to prevent and mitigate associated hazards in mountainous regions, where a landslide is a destructive type of erosion. A landslide susceptibility map was developed for the Taleghan basin based on frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR), maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and support vector machine (SVM) with radial base (RBF), sigmoid (SIG), linear (LN), and polynomial (PL) kernel functions. To this end, an inventory map with 166 landslide locations was prepared and partitioned into 70% and 30% to train and validate the models, respectively. Subsequently, the models were designed based on 13 factors including elevation, slope degree, slope aspect, distance to stream, Stream Power Index, Topographic Wetness Index, Stream Transport Index, distance to fault, lithology, soil texture, land use, distance to road and precipitation. The performance of the methods was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the Seed Cell Area Index (SCAI), the precision index (P). Moreover, statistical measures including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. Friedman test was also applied to confirm significant statistical differences among the seven models employed in this research. The validation results showed that MaxEnt had the maximum area under the curve (0.812). The results obtained using the models LR, FR, PL-SVM, SIG-SVM, LN-SVM, and RBF-SVM were 0.807, 0.732, 0.679, 0.663, 0.643 and 0.660, respectively. The obtained P index showed the better performance of MaxEnt and LR models. Moreover, the trend of changes in the SCAI values, from low- to high-susceptibility, indicated that the MaxEnt and LR models had the best performance. Decision makers can effectively use the findings of the present study to mitigate the financial and human costs resulting from the landslides.

One-dimensional solute transport in open channel flow from a stochastic systematic perspective Abstract Solute transport by river and stream flows in natural environment has significant implication on water quality and the transport process is full of uncertainties. In this study, a stochastic one-dimensional solute transport model under uncertain open-channel flow conditions is developed. The proposed solute transport model is developed by upscaling the stochastic partial differential equations through their one-to-one correspondence to the nonlocal Lagrangian–Eulerian Fokker–Planck equations. The resulting Fokker–Planck equation is a linear and deterministic differential equation, and this equation can provide a comprehensive probabilistic description of the spatiotemporal evolutionary probability distribution of the underlying solute transport process by one single numerical realization, rather than requiring thousands of simulations in the Monte Carlo simulation. Consequently, the ensemble behavior of the solute transport process can also be obtained based on the probability distribution. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed stochastic solute transport model, various steady and unsteady uncertain flow conditions are applied. The Monte Carlo simulation with stochastic Saint–Venant flow and solute transport model is used to provide the stochastic flow field for the solute transport process, and further to validate the numerical solute transport results provided by the derived Fokker–Planck equations. The comparison of the numerical results by the Monte Carlo simulation and the Fokker–Planck equation approach indicated that the proposed model can adequately characterize the ensemble behavior of the solute transport process under uncertain flow conditions via the evolutionary probability distribution in space and time of the transport process.

Compound effects of rainfall and storm tides on coastal flooding risk Abstract Rainfall and storm tides are both flood drivers in coastal zones. The complex interplay between them can lead to or exacerbate the impacts of flooding. While the dependence between rainfall and storm tides has been extensively studied, the compound effects of them on coastal flood risk have not been well researched. With Haikou city as the case study, this study investigates the bivariate return period of compounding rainfall and storm tide events based on copula functions and the failure probability is used to assess the variation of bivariate flood risk during the entire project lifetime. The results show that (1) there is a significant correlation between rainfall and storm tides. Therefore, bivariate RP analysis can provide more adequate and comprehensive information about risks than univariate RP analysis. Kendall RP can describe the bivariate RP more accurately since the dangerous region of Kendall RP is divided by the joint probability value. (2) Neglecting the compounding impacts and the dependence of rainfall and storm tides causes significant underestimation of the joint RP and failure probability. (3) The bivariate hydrologic risk value will decrease quickly when the design rainfall is higher than 100 mm and it becomes small and decrease slowly when the design rainfall exceeds 450 mm. Furthermore, the bivariate hydrologic risk value would not decrease until the storm tide is higher than 2 m and the values would become quite small as the storm tide exceeds 4.5 m. Such bivariate hydrologic risk analysis can provide decision support for hydraulic facility design as well as actual flood control and mitigation.

Toward parsimonious modeling of frequency of areal runoff from heavy-to-extreme precipitation in large urban areas under changing conditions: a derived moment approach Abstract Translating changes in land surface conditions and climate into changes in precipitation, runoff and flood frequencies over a range of catchment scales is a pressing challenge for hydrologic design and flood risk management today. In this paper, we describe a novel approach for modeling areal runoff frequency from heavy-to-extreme precipitation in large urban areas using a simple but general stochastic model for runoff at point scale and bi- and univariate parametric probability distributions for positive point precipitation and areal runoff, respectively. We apply the approach to the Dallas–Fort Worth area using a 22-year historical multisensor precipitation dataset from the National Weather Service to characterize how the different factors that specify the second-order statistics of precipitation, imperviousness and soil water holding capacity at point scale may shape areal runoff frequency, and to assess how changes in precipitation climatology and land surface conditions may change areal runoff frequency as a function of catchment scale and magnitude of precipitation. The results indicate that areal runoff frequency is impacted most significantly by changes in climatological mean and coefficient of variation of positive point precipitation, water holding capacity of soil, imperviousness, and spatial correlation scale of positive point precipitation given the probability of occurrence of heavy-to-extreme precipitation, and that a very small number of low-order statistics of point precipitation may describe areal runoff frequency given the conditional probability distribution models for point precipitation and areal runoff. The approach presented hence offers a parsimonious physically-based alternative to purely numerical approaches based on integrated modeling, or empirical approaches based solely on statistical modeling toward predictive modeling of areal precipitation and runoff frequencies under changing hydroclimatological conditions.

Hydrological post-processing based on approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) Abstract This study introduces a method to quantify the conditional predictive uncertainty in hydrological post-processing contexts when it is cumbersome to calculate the likelihood (intractable likelihood). Sometimes, it can be difficult to calculate the likelihood itself in hydrological modelling, specially working with complex models or with ungauged catchments. Therefore, we propose the ABC post-processor that exchanges the requirement of calculating the likelihood function by the use of some sufficient summary statistics and synthetic datasets. The aim is to show that the conditional predictive distribution is qualitatively similar produced by the exact predictive (MCMC post-processor) or the approximate predictive (ABC post-processor). We also use MCMC post-processor as a benchmark to make results more comparable with the proposed method. We test the ABC post-processor in two scenarios: (1) the Aipe catchment with tropical climate and a spatially-lumped hydrological model (Colombia) and (2) the Oria catchment with oceanic climate and a spatially-distributed hydrological model (Spain). The main finding of the study is that the approximate (ABC post-processor) conditional predictive uncertainty is almost equivalent to the exact predictive (MCMC post-processor) in both scenarios.

Retraction Note to: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy evaluation of wind farm power production as function of wind speed and direction The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article (Petković et al. 2015a) because validity of the content of this article cannot be verified.

Expression of Concern: Adaptation of ANFIS model to assess thermal comfort of an urban square in moderate and dry climate The Editor-in-Chief of Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment is issuing an editorial expression of concern for article.

Expression of Concern: Potential of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for evaluation of drought indices The Editor-in-Chief of Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment is issuing an editorial expression of concern to alert readers that this article (Gocić et al. 2015) shows substantial indication of irregularities in authorship during the submission process.

Retraction Note to: Support vector regression methodology for prediction of output energy in rice production The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because validity of the content of this article cannot be verified. This article showed evidence of peer review and authorship manipulation. The authors do not agree to this retraction.

Forecasting salinity time series using RF and ELM approaches coupled with decomposition techniques Abstract Using historical salinity data from nine drought periods in the Pearl River Delta of China, this study utilized two machine learning approaches to forecast the salinity time series for multistep lead times: random forest (RF) models and extreme learning machine (ELM) models. To improve conventional RF and ELM models, three signal decomposition techniques were applied to preprocess the input time series: empirical mode decomposition (EMD), wavelet decomposition (WD) and wavelet packet decomposition (WPD). The study results indicated that in contrast to conventional RF/ELM, a hybrid RF/ELM method accompanied by decomposition techniques displayed better forecasting performance and yielded reasonably accurate prediction results. More specifically, hybrid models coupled with WPD displayed the best performance for all three forecast lead times of one, three and five days, whereas EMD underperformed both WPD and WD because of the limited predictability of the components. Both the WPD and WD hybrid models using the \(coif5\) wavelet basis performed better than those using the other two bases (db8 and sym8). In addition, ELM method performed better for conventional and WD/WPD hybrid models, whereas the RF method worked better for EMD hybrid model. The findings of the study showed that the nonstationary salinity series could be transformed into several relatively stationary components in the decomposition process, which provided more accurate salinity forecasts. The developed hybrid models coupling RF/ELM method with decomposition techniques could be a feasible way for salinity prediction.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Biogerontology

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide emerges as a therapeutic target in aging and ischemic conditions Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been described as central coenzyme of redox reactions and is a key regulator of stress resistance and longevity. Aging is a multifactorial and irreversible process that is characterized by a gradual diminution in physiological functions in an organism over time, leading to development of age-associated pathologies and eventually increasing the probability of death. Ischemia is the lack of nutritive blood flow that causes damage and mortality that mostly occurs in various organs during aging. During the process of aging and related ischemic conditions, NAD+ levels decline and lead to nuclear and mitochondrial dysfunctions, resulting in age-related pathologies. The majority of studies have shown that restoring of NAD+ using supplementation with intermediates such as nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside can be a valuable strategy for recovery of ischemic injury and age-associated defects. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduction in NAD+ levels during ischemic disorders and aging, as well as a particular focus is given to the recent progress in the understanding of NAD+ precursor's effects on aging and ischemia.

Oxidative stress resistance as a factor in aging: evidence from an extended longevity phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster Abstract Longevity of a species is a multifactorial quantitative trait influenced by genetic background, sex, age and environment of the organism. Extended longevity phenotypes (ELP) from experimental evolution in the laboratory can be used as model systems to investigate the mechanisms underlying aging and senescence. ELPs of Drosophila are correlated with various life history attributes such as resistance to environmental stressors (starvation, desiccation, cold and paraquat), developmental time, biochemical defenses, etc. The association between oxidative stress resistance and longevity is not clear and ELPs offer an opportunity to examine the role of oxidative stress resistance in longevity. Here, we have investigated the hypothesis that enhanced oxidative stress resistance and elevated antioxidant defense system play a positive role in longevity using an ELP of Drosophila melanogaster. An ELP of D. melanogaster isolated and characterized in our laboratory through artificial selection (inbred laboratory strain of Oregon K) is employed in this study. Our ELP, named as long lifespan (LLS) flies, shows marked extension in lifespan when compared to the progenitor population (normal lifespan, NLS) and makes a suitable model to study the role of mitochondrial genome in longevity because of its least heterogeneity. In this study, sensitivity to ethanol with age was employed as a measure of resistance to oxidative stress in NLS and LLS flies. Effect of age and oxidative stress on longevity was examined by employing NLS and LLS flies of different age groups against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Results show that the lower mortality against ethanol was associated with enhanced oxidative stress resistance, higher antioxidant defenses, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase activity and better locomotor ability attributes of LLS flies. In addition, age-related changes like locomotor impairments, decreased antioxidant defenses, higher ROS levels and sensitivity to oxidative stress were delayed in LLS flies when compared to NLS. Our study supports the hypothesis that higher oxidative stress resistance and enhanced antioxidant defenses are significant factors in extending longevity.

N -Acetylcysteine extends lifespan of Drosophila via modulating ROS scavenger gene expression Abstract N-Acetylcysteine (NAc) has been shown to play a diversity of favorable health-related roles (e.g., antioxidant, paracetamol antidote, mucolytics, neuroprotective agent). Having said that, here in this study, we evaluate the health-promoting properties of NAc, particularly its ability to modulate organismal longevity. We note that 1 mg/ml NAc prolonged the lifespan of Drosophila. Furthermore, it was observed that NAc increased the capability of these flies to resist environmental stresses measured by starvation and paraquat stress assays. In an effort to reveal cellular mechanisms behind this interesting phenomenon, qPCR was performed, uncovering that transcript levels of catalase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase—key enzymes to fend off reactive oxygen species (ROS) assaults, were up-regulated. Correspondingly, enzyme activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were increased as well. Combined, we hope our research helps broaden the spectrum of clinical application for NAc so that one may eventually determine if NAc is a potentially useful anti-aging agent by encouraging others to scrutinize the hidden health benefits of NAc.

Administration of rGDF11 retards the aging process in male mice via action of anti-oxidant system Abstract One of the most studied and widely accepted conjectures of aging process is the oxidative stress theory. Current studies have generated disputes on the effects of GDF11 and GDF8, a closely related member of GDF11, on rejuvenation and anti-aging properties. In this study, we first demonstrated that when recombinant GDF8 (rGDF8) and GDF11 (rGDF11) of the fish Nothobranchius guentheri were injected into 20-month-old male mice, their serum GDF8 and GDF11 levels were clearly increased. We also showed that injection of rGDF8 and rGDF11 had little influences on the body weight and serological parameters of the mice, indicating their general condition and physiology were not affected. Based on these findings, we started to test the effects of administration of piscine rGDF11 and rGDF8 on the aging process of male mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. It was found that rGDF11 was able to reduce the levels of AGEs, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, and to slow down the accumulation of age-related histological markers, while rGDF8 was not. Moreover, rGDF11 significantly prevented the decrease in CAT, GPX and SOD activities, but rGDF8 did not. Collectively, these results suggest that it is GDF11 but not GDF8 that can exert rejuvenation and anti-aging activities via the action of antioxidant system. It is also the first report that shows the activity of GDF11 is not species-specific, implicating potential usefulness of piscine GDF11 in prolonging the lifespan of the elderly.

Fecundity for free? Enhanced oviposition in longevous populations of Drosophila melanogaster Abstract Artificial selection for increased life span in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster sometimes produces long-lived populations that exhibit greater fecundity than unselected controls. The absence of a trade-off between survival and reproduction in these cases might be an artefact of the rich diet of typical lab culture; if nutritional resources are not limiting then there may be no need to trade off. Here I test the rich diet hypothesis by estimating genetic correlations between survival and age-specific fecundity in three nutritional environments. Experimental material consists of 58 recombinant inbred lines derived from an artificial selection experiment. Reducing the yeast content of medium causes substantial reductions in fecundity but does not alter patterns of genetic correlation. The correlation between life span and early fecundity is non-significant in all environments, while the life span correlations with mid-life fecundity are positive and statistically significant in all environments. The rich diet hypothesis is rejected. Qualitative features of fecundity trajectories are conserved across environments, with long-lived lines exhibiting a secondary peak of oviposition in mid-life. The micro-evolution of extended life span is not a monolithic process and does not necessarily involve direct trade-offs between survival and reproduction.

Toxin-induced hormesis may restrain aging Abstract Mild environmental stress might have beneficial effects in aging by activating maintenance and repair processes in cells and organs. These beneficial stress effects fit to the concept of hormesis. Prominent stressors acting in a hormetic way are physical exercises, fasting, cold and heat. This review will introduce some toxins, which have been found to induce hormetic responses in animal models of aging research. To highlight the molecular signature of these hormetic effects we will depict signaling pathways affected by low doses of toxins on cellular and organismic level. As prominent examples for signaling pathways involved in both aging processes as well as toxin responses, PI3K/Akt/mTOR- and AMPK-signal transduction will be described in more detail. Due to the striking overlap of signaling pathways mediating toxin induced responses and aging processes we propose considering the ability of low doses of toxins to slow down the rate of aging.

Aging renders desynchronization between clock and immune genes in male Wistar rat kidney: chronobiotic role of curcumin Abstract Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains the central clock that orchestrate circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior in mammals. Tightly interlocked transcriptional and translational feedback loops (TTFLs) comprising of various clock genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Periods, Cryptochromes etc. in the SCN, send the timing signals to peripheral clocks that governs local metabolism with similar TTFLs. Peripheral clocks in kidney regulates several circadian rhythms like blood pressure, immunity etc. However, aging leads to circadian and inflammatory disorders in kidney. Though there are increasing evidences on age associated perturbations, studies elucidating the rhythmic expression of clock and immune genes across aging in kidney are obscure. We therefore studied changes in daily rhythms of clock and immune genes in kidney. In this study we measured mRNA expression of clock genes rBmal1, rPer1, rPer2, rCry1, rCry2, rRev-erbα, rRorα, and inflammatory genes rNfκb1, rTnfα, rIl6, rTlr4 and rTlr9 in 3, 12 and 24 months male Wistar rat kidney using qRT-PCR. From our study, we did not observe significant changes in clock genes expression except rRorα, but immune genes showed significant phase alterations as well as increase in mean 24 h levels. Pearson correlation analysis of data showed desynchronization between immune and clock genes expression. We further studied the effect of administration of curcumin which has anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant etc. properties, and evaluated its chronobiotic properties. We here report differential effects of curcumin administration on daily rhythms of clock and immune genes expression.

Submandibular gland-specific inflammaging-induced hyposalivation in the male senescence-accelerated mouse prone -1 line (SAM-P1) Abstract Aging has pronounced effects on mammalian tissues and cells, but the impacts of aging on salivary gland function are relatively unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of aging on submandibular gland (SMG) and parotid gland (PG) functions in the male senescence-accelerated mouse. In vivo analysis at the systemic level revealed that salivary secretion induced by pilocarpine, a muscarinic agonist, from the SMG was significantly decreased in aged mice, whereas salivary secretion from the PG was not affected. To evaluate organ-level function, the SMG was perfused with the muscarinic agonists carbachol and calcium ionophore A23187 ex vivo to induce salivary secretion, and decreased saliva production was also observed in the aged SMG. Histological analysis revealed the presence of CD4-positive lymphocytes infiltrating the aged SMG. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed that the aged SMG exhibited accelerated cell aging, increased levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, and decreased mRNA levels of the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5). In summary, these results demonstrate that SMG function in aged mice was diminished, and that cell senescence, chronic inflammation, and the decreased gene expression of AQP5 are the likely causes of hyposalivation in the SMG of aged mice.

Activation of transposable elements and genetic instability during long-term culture of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans Abstract It has been repeatedly reported that transposable elements (TE) become active and/or mobile in the genomes of replicatively and stress-induced senescent mammalian cells. However, the biological role of senescence-associated transposon activation and its occurrence and relevance in other eukaryotic cells remain to be elucidated. In the present study, Candida albicans, a prevalent opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans, was used to analyze changes in gene copy number of selected TE, namely Cirt2, Moa and Cmut1 during long-term culture (up to 90 days). The effects of stress stimuli (fluconazole, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite) and ploidy state (haploid, diploid, tetraploid cells) were also considered. An increase in copy number of Cirt2 and Moa was the most accented in tetraploid cells after 90 days of culture that was accompanied by changes in karyotype patterns and slightly more limited growth rate compared to haploid and diploid cells. Stress stimuli did not potentiate TE activity. Elevation in chromosomal DNA breaks was also observed during long-term culture of cells of different ploidy, however this was not correlated with increased TE activity. Our results suggest that increased TE activity may promote genomic diversity and plasticity, and cellular heterogeneity during long-term culture of C. albicans cells.

Therapeutic effects of curcumin on age-induced alterations in daily rhythms of clock genes and Sirt1 expression in the SCN of male Wistar rats Abstract The aging brain is linked to accumulation of oxidative stress and increase in damage to biomolecules which in turn may cause or promote circadian dysfunction by disruption of biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Age associated alterations in clock gene expression in the SCN has been reported earlier. In the present study we have examined therapeutic effects of the antioxidant curcumin on age induced alterations in daily rhythms and levels of core clock genes in SCN of young [3 months (m)], middle (12 months) and old (24 months) male Wistar rats. Curcumin was administered orally at ZT-11, 1 hour (h) before the onset of darkness. The effect of curcumin administration on daily rhythms and levels of expression of clock genes such as rBmal1, rPer1, rPer2, rCry1, rCry2 and rRev-erbα as well as on the clock modulator rSirt1 were studied. There was restoration of phase of rPer1, rPer2, rCry1, rCry2 and daily pulse of rPer2 in middle aged animals. However, in old aged rats the phase and daily pulse of rPer1 were restored with curcumin treatment. rSirt1 did not show age related alterations in its transcript levels though the rhythms were abolished in old aged rat SCN. Pearson correlation analysis showed that curcumin administration to 12 and 24 months animals had resulted in restorations of several correlations among clock genes which were found to be altered/abolished in age matched control groups. In addition, strong interlocking interactions between rSirt1 and clock genes were observed in young age which were disrupted with aging and curcumin administration resulted in partial restoration.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Gastroenterology

Serological screening for coeliac disease in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis Publication date: Available online 7 June 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Yasin Sahin, Sezgin Sahin, Kenan Barut, Fugen Cullu Cokugras, Tulay Erkan, Amra Adrovic, Tufan Kutlu, Ozgur Kasapcopur Abstract Background and study aims Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is characterized by autoimmune aetiology. A gene locus 4q27 related to rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and coeliac disease is associated with susceptibility to JIA. There are reports indicating several patients with JIA had been diagnosed with CD. We aimed to assess the frequency of coeliac disease (CD) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Patients and methods This prospective study was carried out from October 2015 to August 2016 and included 96 patients with JIA. All patients were evaluated in terms of clinical and laboratory findings of CD. Levels of total IgA and tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) IgA were measured in all patients. Those with increased level of tTG IgA were further tested for anti-endomysium IgA antibodies (EMA). Gastroduodenoscopy were planned for a definite diagnosis of CD in patients with positive EMA. Results Of the 96 patients in our study, 34 (35.4%) had oligoarticular form of JIA, 29 (30.2%) had polyarticular form, 12 (12.5%) had ERA form, 11 (11.5%) had systemic form, and 10 (10.4%) had psoriatic form. Sixteen of our patients (16.6%) were not using any drugs during the study. Neither EMA IgA antibodies were analysed nor gastro-duodenoscopy was performed because no patients were positive for tTG IgA. There was no difference in terms of tTG levels between the patients using NSAIDs or other drugs. Conclusion We did not find CD in children with JIA. Long term studies with more JIA patients are needed to provide more precise interpretation.

Six-minute walk test before and after large-volume paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites: A pilot study Publication date: Available online 7 June 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Nahed A. Makhlouf, Zainab Gaber Mahran, Samiaa Hamdy Sadek, Doaa M. Magdy, Hoda A. Makhlouf Abstract Background/Aims Functional impairment is common among cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites, and improvement in functional impairment is an expected issue after paracentesis. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is considered an objective test for functional activity. No published data have evaluated the 6MWT among cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites before and after large-volume paracentesis. The research aim was to assess the feasibility of performing the 6MWT among cirrhotic patients who had refractory ascites before and after large-volume paracentesis. Materials and Methods Thirty-one cirrhotic inpatients with refractory ascites were subjected to pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC) and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) before and 48 h after therapeutic large-volume paracentesis. Dyspnoea as assessed by the Borg scale and functional capacity as assessed by the 6MWT were also evaluated. Results Prior to paracentesis, the mean values of FVC and FEV1 were lower than the predicted values, and a significant increase was observed after paracentesis. There was improvement in the mean DLCO values after paracentesis (P < 0.05). Regarding the 6MWT, significant increases in the walked distance (6MWD) (310.7 ± 73 vs. 348.7 ± 72.3 m) and oxygen saturation after paracentesis (P = 0.001) were observed. Significant improvement in the dyspnoea scale also occurred after paracentesis (P = 0.001). A significant positive correlation between the 6MWD before paracentesis and serum albumin levels was demonstrated (r = 0.373, P = 0.039). Conclusion We found a decrease in pulmonary function and the 6MWD in patients who had refractory ascites, which improved significantly following large-volume paracentesis. The 6MWT is useful in detecting impaired functional capacity among cirrhotic patients.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions Publication date: Available online 7 June 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Hussein Okasha, Mervat E. Behiry, Nagwa Ramadan, Reem Ezzat, Ahmed Yamany, Shaimaa El-Kholi, Ghada Ahmed Abstract Background and study aims pancreatic cysts are commonly found lesions and proper diagnosis is very important for planning further management. The study aims to evaluate the role of cyst fluid amylase and tumour markers as cancer antigen (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in addition to mucin stain in diagnosing pancreatic cysts and differentiating malignant from benign lesions. Patients and methods This prospective study was conducted on 184 patients diagnosed to have pancreatic cystic lesions from January 2013 to January 2018. Fluid analysis for CA 19-9, CEA, amylase, mucin stain and cytopathology were done. We compared these data with the final diagnosis based on histopathology after surgical resection, positive cytopathology and long period of follow up of the patients for at least 18 months. Results The highest AUC was that of cystic CEA with cut-off value of 160 ng/ml; it had a sensitivity of 60.4% and a specificity of 85%. The best cut-off value for cystic CA 19-9 was 1318 U/ml with a sensitivity of 64.1% and a specificity of 68.1%. The cut-off value of cyst amylase level was 5500 U/L, with 84.2% sensitivity and 37.1% specificity. The sensitivity of mucin stain in detecting mucinous cystic neoplasm was 85.45%, specificity was 86.05% with accuracy 85.87%. Conclusion Cyst fluid analysis by investigating amylase, mucin, CA 19-9, CEA and EUS examination improves the diagnosis of different pancreatic cysts.

Clinical presentation and outcomes of acute diverticulitis in a Middle Eastern population Publication date: Available online 4 June 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Jasim Alabbad, Fawaz Abdul Raheem, Saba Al-Saddah, Abdulaziz Al-Mubarak Abstract Background and study aims There is lack of literature describing the presentation of diverticulitis in the Middle East population. The aim of this study is to provide an analysis of the epidemiological indicators, patterns of presentation and outcomes of acute diverticulitis in a Middle Eastern population. Patients and methods A retrospective review of all adult patients over the age of 17 who were admitted to the surgical service with a diagnosis of acute diverticulitis between January 2010 and May 2018 at a major university affiliated government hospital in the state of Kuwait. Data collected included patients' demographics, clinical presentation, management and outcome. Results Between January 2010 and May 2018 there were 132 patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. The mean age was 49.2 [±14.3] years. There were 89 (67.4%) men and 43 (32.6%) women. One-hundred and fifteen patients (87.1%) were Arabs, of which Kuwaiti citizens represented 58.3%. Most patients (76.5%) presented with uncomplicated diverticulitis. One hundred and twelve patients (84.8%) had sigmoid colon diverticulitis. There were nine patients that were readmitted within thirty days. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.3 days [±4.5]. The median follow-up period was 15.6 weeks (IQR 1.8, 118.4), during which time recurrent attacks occurred in 25 patients (18.9%). Conclusions It appears that there is a low prevalence of acute diverticulitis in Arabs living in Kuwait, and that when they do present with acute diverticulitis the majority present at a relatively younger age with uncomplicated disease.

Duodenal lymphocytosis in functional dyspepsia Publication date: Available online 4 June 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Annalisa Capannolo, Stefano Necozione, Dolores Gabrieli, Fabiana Ciccone, Laura Sollima, Loredana Melchiorri, Angelo Viscido, Giuseppe Frieri Abstract Background and study aims Functional dyspepsia is an exclusion diagnosis requiring different tests, including endoscopy, often repeated over time. Duodenal biopsies are frequently resorted to, not rarely revealing duodenal microscopic inflammation. Aim of the study is to confirm a previously supposed role of antro-duodenal low-grade inflammation in functional dyspepsia, evaluating the frequency of duodenal lymphocytosis, H. pylori infection and their association in a group of patients with functional dyspepsia compared to asymptomatic control subjects. Patients and methods A cross-sectional, observational study has been conducted screening all the patients who underwent duodenal biopsies during upper endoscopy, in a 30 months period. All the patients without endoscopic lesions were analysed. The study group consisted of patients compatible with the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia (Rome III criteria). The control group consisted of healthy asymptomatic subjects in the population subjected to endoscopy. The presence of duodenal lymphocytosis and of H. pylori infection in the two groups was evaluated. Results 216 patients were enrolled: 161 in the functional dyspepsia group and 55 as asymptomatic control group. The frequency of duodenal lymphocytosis was similar between cases and control groups (25.47% vs 25.45%; p = 0.99), as well as H. pylori infection (26.71% vs 23.64%; p = 0.78). Duodenal lymphocytosis was significantly associated with functional dyspepsia only in H. pylori positive dyspeptic patients (p = 0.047). 94% of the subjects with both lymphocytosis and H. pylori infection suffer from dyspepsia. Duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis is significantly associated with bloating (p = 0.0082). Conclusions In our cohort of dyspeptic patients, duodenal lymphocytosis is significantly associated with bloating and the simultaneous presence of duodenal lymphocytosis and H. pylori infection is significantly more prevalent than in control subjects.

Egyptian liver library: An indexed database for liver disease evidence in Egypt Publication date: Available online 4 June 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Mohamed Alboraie, Naglaa Youssef, Ahmed F Sherief, Shimaa Afify, Mohamed-Naguib Wifi, Dalia Omran, Enas Hafez, Heba Omar, Mohamed Eltabbakh, Mohamed Abdellah, Mohamed El Badry, Mohamed Salaheldin, Yasmeen Ahmed, Zainab Ali-Eldin, Amir Farid, Nermeen Abdeen, Hesham El Halwagy, Mohammad Abdalgaber, Inas Moaz, Sameera Ezzat Abstract Liver diseases are among the most challenging health care problems worldwide. In Egypt, we established different care programs to combat liver diseases including schistosomiasis and viral hepatitides. A lot of research work addressing liver diseases in Egypt have been published with special focus on these two major fields. Other liver disease seems to be neglected although present and contributing to the liver disease burden in Egypt. In this report we reviewed the available evidence published from Egypt and elucidate areas of weakness and future research needs. Our search for Egyptian liver disease evidence retrieved 4683 articles, 67% of them were relevant to the topic. Out of the relevant articles; 1646/3265 (50.4%) were discussing clinical science, 1131 (34.7%) were discussing basic science and 488 (14.9%) were discussing both basic and clinical sciences. Cairo university (16.8%, n = 513) and Mansoura university (9.3%, n = 285) had the largest number of publications related to liver disease in Egypt respectively. The most commonly reported diseases were hepatitis C in 719/3361 articles (21.4%), parasitic liver infestations in 663 articles (19.7%), hepatocellular carcinoma in 544 articles (16.2%), liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in 537 articles (16%), and drug induced liver injury in 516 articles (15.4%). Most of the reviewed articles (36%) were discussing treatment of chronic liver diseases (n = 1201) followed by diagnostics (28%, n = 940), pathogenesis and pathophysiology (21%, n = 706). This review will direct attention to areas with less research like hepatitis B related liver disease, HIV/HCV co-infections, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to encourage future research in these topics. In conclusion; our results ring a bell inviting the development of a roadmap for liver research in Egypt targeting to put future policies to cover areas of weakness in liver research with an ultimate goal of tackling liver disease and its overwhelming socioeconomic burden in our developing country.

Conversion to EUS-guided internal gallbladder drainage from percutaneous cholecystostomy: A successful case using a novel plastic stent Publication date: Available online 4 June 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Yuki Hayashi, Kosuke Minaga, Tomoe Yoshikawa, Tatsuya Ishii, Hisakazu Matsumoto, Yoshito Uenoyama, Yukitaka Yamashita Abstract For acute cholecystitis with high surgical risk, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has shown high clinical and technical success rates. Dilation of the punctured fistula is a technically challenging aspect of EUS-GBD. Over-dilation makes stent insertion easier; however, it increases the risk of bile leakage. Currently, the endoscopic devices available for EUS-GBD are limited, which presents device-related shortcomings. When the stent cannot pass through the dilated fistula, the deployment of a conventional double-pigtail plastic stent requires discarding of the stent and re-puncturing of the gallbladder. Recently, a novel integral double-pigtail plastic stent tied with a pusher catheter that allows the stent to be pulled back on insertion failure was developed. Here, we describe a patient in whom EUS-GBD was successfully performed using this novel stent that enables adjustment during dilation, making EUS-GBD safer.

High prevalence of obesity among infants presenting with intussusception: Findings in an Egyptian cohort Publication date: Available online 30 May 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Khaled Ashour, Mona Nada, Mai Ebidy, Gehad Eladely, Ahmed Elabany, Omneya M. Omar Abstract Background and study aims Intussusception is a life-threatening illness, with incompletely understood aetiology, although some predisposing factors are known. Intussusception frequently occurs in well-nourished chubby infants. We aimed to determine whether patients presenting with intussusception have a high prevalence of obesity. Patients and methods This cross sectional study was conducted in 100 infants presenting with intussusception aged ≤2 years at the Paediatric Surgery Department. Anthropometric measures, history of recent upper respiratory tract infection, timing and type of intervention were recorded. A near median split divided the population into younger (aged < 8 months, N = 47) and older (8–24 months, N = 53) groups. Obesity was defined as having a body weight for length ≥ 97.7th centile on WHO growth charts. Results The study comprised 58 boys and 42 girls, 31% of whom had upper respiratory infection in the preceding month. Obesity was present in 18% of patients, based on WHO growth charts. There was a trend towards higher percentage of obese infants within the younger (25%) compared to older age groups (12%, P = 0.085), but no gender difference. Obesity did not influence the rate of success of hydrostatic reduction. Based on Egypt-specific growth charts, the percentage of infants with a weight-for-age centile ≥ 85th was 42%, of whom 7% were ≥ 97.7th centile. The corresponding percentages for the weight-for-length were 29% and 15% of patients respectively. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of obesity in infants presenting with intussusception, particularly under 8 months of age. The mechanistic link between obesity and the pathogenesis of intussusception deserves investigation.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum IL-23 in colorectal cancer Publication date: Available online 30 May 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Dina F. Elessawi, Manal M. Alkady, Iman M. Ibrahim Abstract Background and study aims Cytokines play a pivotal role in the induction of host immune responses against tumour growth and are involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer in humans. The role of IL-23 in colorectal cancer is still unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine IL-23 levels in the development and progression of colorectal (CRC) cancer. Patients and methods Thirty two patients with colorectal cancer aged 60.4 ± 3.5 years. and 20 age, sex and BMI ‑matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum IL-23 levels were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined using a turbidimetric immunoassay. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results IL-23 levels were found significantly higher in patients relative to the control subjects (p < 0.001) and were gradually increased with TNM tumour stage progression. The mean CRP, CEA and CA-19-9 levels also were significantly higher in patients (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the serum levels of IL-23 and the other measured parameters in CRC patients. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for serum IL-23 was 0.955 at cut off value ≥57.15 with sensitivity 96% and specificity 100%. Conclusion The observed results suggest that IL-23 may have a potential role in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal malignancy and may be a good marker of colorectal cancer and stage progression.

Covered metal stent placement followed by EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for balloon-assisted ERCP-induced duodenal perforation Publication date: Available online 29 May 2019 Source: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology Author(s): Min Jae Yang, Jin Hong Kim, Jae Chul Hwang, Byung Moo Yoo

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Cancer Education

The Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Reported Behaviors of Oncology Physicians Regarding Fertility Preservation in Adult Cancer Patients Abstract There is a growing concern about the fertility preservation for adult cancer patients of reproductive age. Very little literature exists about fertility preservation of cancer survivors in Chinese text. This study is first to describe the knowledge level, attitude, and practice behaviors among physicians concerning fertility preservation in adult cancer patients in China. A cross-sectional survey with 30-item was conducted to assess Chinese oncology physicians' knowledge, attitude, and behaviors regarding fertility issues. Of 360 oncology physicians, 206 (57.2%) submitted valid questionnaires. With possible overall scores for knowledge and attitude of 9 and 15, respectively, physicians' responses to the questionnaires were 3.91 ± 1.67 and 12.29 ± 1.23. Only 49.5% of physicians routinely informed their cancer patients of childbearing age about the risk of infertility with cancer treatment. The knowledge score of the men physicians was 2-fold that of the women. Physicians aged 20–29 years were significantly more likely than other age groups to prioritize cancer treatment over fertility concerns. Men physicians were significantly more comfortable than the women discussing fertility preservation issues and cooperating with fertility specialists. The oncology physicians in China had limited knowledge of fertility preservation and rarely discussed these issues with their patients, although their attitude was positive. Results suggest that oncology physicians would welcome an in-house fertility-related training program. Key Messages This is the first study to address the topic of fertility preservation as it relates to the care that oncologists provide to cancer patients in China. These results revealed the importance of providing fertility-related training program to oncology physicians. Moreover, this study should provide useful information for other Asian countries, and highlight both the similarities and differences between China and Western countries concerning the reproductive rights of patients. This study should encourage international cooperation with institutions of scientific research and education.

My Kaleidoscope Life: Interconnected Roles as Teacher, Researcher, and Cancer Survivor Abstract Surviving cancer dramatically alters one's perception of the world. "My Kaleidoscope Life" reflects on the interconnected roles as teacher, researcher, and cancer survivor. It provides a personal narrative and perspective on the challenges, successes, and lessons learned from having cancer. It emphasizes how surviving cancer can shift priorities, connect with others, and enhance the quality of life.

Low-Intensity Resistance Training and Compression Garment in the Management of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema: Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Abstract There is limited evidence regarding the combined effect of exercise and compression garment on breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL). Therefore, we investigate the effect of low-intensity resistance training alone or in combination with a compression garment on lymphedema volume, self-reported lymphedema symptoms, and shoulder mobility and function. A total of 60 women with unilateral BCRL were randomly assigned to low-intensity resistance exercises (Rex group, n = 30) or exercises and compression garment (Rex-Com-group, n = 30). Both groups take part in exercises program consisted of 10–12 repetitions at 50 to 60% of one repetition maximum (IRM), three times weekly, for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was lymphedema volume determined by percentage reduction of excess limb volume (ELV). Secondary outcomes were lymphedema symptoms (pain, heaviness, and tightness) and shoulder mobility and function using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire. All measurements were standardized and performed before (week 0, W0), after the intervention (week 8, W8), and at follow-up (week 12, W12). A significant reduction in percentage of ELV (p < 0.01), pain severity (p < 0.05), a sensation of heaviness (p < 0.05) and tightness (p < 0.001), and improvement in shoulder range of motion (p < 0.05) and function on DASH scores (p < 0.05) were observed at W8 and W12 in both groups. However, no between-group differences were observed over time. These findings suggest that low-intensity resistance training, irrespective of garment use, can effectively reduce limb volume and lymphedema symptoms, and increase shoulder mobility and function.

Attitudes Towards Research During Residency Training: a Survey of Canadian Radiation Oncology Residents and Program Directors Abstract Radiation oncologists require clinical appraisal and research methodology skills, yet it is unclear how to develop these competencies during residency. We sought to attain a deeper understanding of the barriers that limit, as well as the factors that promote, engaging in research/scholarly activity during radiation oncology residency training in Canada. Following ethics approval, online surveys were circulated to all Canadian Radiation Oncology program directors and residents. Unidentifiable demographics, prior research experience, and descriptions of current research environment and barriers to engaging in research and scholarly activities were collected. Thirty-three percent (35/105) of residents and 71% (10/14) of program directors responded. Ninety-seven percent of residents, and 90% of program directors, agreed or strongly agreed that research/scholarly activity was an important part of residency training. While 66% of residents felt that there was a lack of protected time for research/scholarly activity, only 20% of program directors agreed this was a barrier (p = 0.011). While 94% of residents thought mentorship was important to completing high-quality research/scholarly activity, only 48% of respondents had a mentor. The highest barriers to completing research/scholarly activity projects were lack of protected time (for both residents and faculty), high resident clinical workload, and lack of experience in research skills. Canadian Radiation Oncology residents expressed strong enthusiasm to participate in research/scholarly activity, yet lack of protected time and competing demands were identified as major barriers. We suggest programs offer more protected time for research/scholarly activity, provide optional research methodology training, and support meaningful mentorship relationships.

Psychometric Properties of the MICRA Questionnaire in Portuguese Individuals Carrying SDHx Mutations Abstract This study aims to present the translation and cultural adaptation, as well as the psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) questionnaire in individuals with SDHx mutations. The questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted in accordance with the process recommended by the World Health Organization. As per suggestion of the authors of the original instrument, a joint, universal European and Brazilian Portuguese version of the MICRA was created. Ninety-six (asymptomatic or affected) patients with SDHx mutations nationwide completed the adapted version of the MICRA in Portugal. Analyses consisted of confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation (alphas), and correlations with two other distress and quality of life instruments. The Portuguese adaptation of the MICRA was understandable to patients from various socioeconomic backgrounds. All items and factor structure of the original version were retained, yielding a good model fit. The MICRA's three subscales and total score showed good internal consistency, and the correlations found between the Portuguese version of the MICRA and the other instruments assessing similar constructs further supported its validity. The adapted version of the MICRA showed good psychometric properties with a representative population of SDHx mutation carriers. This instrument can now be used to study the multidimensional impact of taking a genetic test for these mutations. It can also be used in future studies with other Portuguese populations of patients submitted to genetic tests for cancer risk assessment.

The Mouse Mammary Gland: a Tool to Inform Adolescents About Environmental Causes of Breast Cancer Abstract Adolescence is a vulnerable period of breast development, and environmental chemical exposures that occur during this period can increase the risk of breast cancer in adulthood. Discussing breast health with adolescent girls can be difficult for several reasons. In this project, we worked to not only inform adolescent researchers about environmental risks for breast cancer but to also involve them in research studies. We taught adolescents about the stages of mammary gland development using samples collected from mice, with a specific focus on pre-pubertal and pubertal stages of development. Our analysis shows that adolescent researchers, with relatively modest training, can collect reliable and reproducible data on aspects of mammary gland biology that are known to be disrupted by environmental chemicals, with coefficients of variation < 2.5% for basic mammary gland parameters and 5–7% for more complex measures. Finally, we provided these adolescents with information about environmental risk factors for breast cancer that they could share with their peers and community and action items to potentially modify their individual risk. We hope that researchers working in this field will engage adolescent researchers in projects to evaluate chemicals that influence breast cancer risk. Summer research programs that inform young adolescents about breast cancer risk factors not only benefit these novice researchers individually but also benefit their communities when they are encouraged to talk about the value of basic science studies, discuss vulnerable periods of mammary gland development, and share what they have learned about cancer and the environment.

A Multi-state Evaluation of Oral Health Students' Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer and HPV Vaccination Abstract Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancers (HPV-OPCs) are on the rise, yet HPV knowledge among dental professionals remains low. The purpose of this multi-state study was to examine sociodemographic factors associated with final year dental hygiene (DH), third year dental (DS3), and fourth year dental (DS4) students' knowledge regarding HPV, HPV-OPC, and HPV vaccination. Twenty dental programs in the USA were approached in the implementation phase to complete an online, 153-item, self-administered questionnaire that was developed and tested in a previous study. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were conducted in SAS version 9.4 to examine the relationship between sociodemographic variables with HPV, HPV-OPC, and HPV vaccination knowledge levels. This study included the participation of students from 15 dental programs (n = 380) with an overall response rate of 28%. Although the results cannot be generalized to the entire population of dental students in the USA, most students had inadequate overall HPV knowledge (65%), HPV-OPC knowledge (80%), and HPV vaccination knowledge (55%). While all student groups displayed adequate general HPV knowledge levels (≥ 70% correct responses), gender, racial, religious, age, and regional differences were observed. Future dental professionals need to have adequate levels of HPV knowledge to aid in reducing the HPV-OPC burden. This study identified sociodemographic factors related to lower knowledge of HPV, HPV-OPC, and HPV vaccination, and highlights groups of students with greater needs for HPV education. This study provides a foundation for future research and interventions to be developed. Dental institutions can use findings to strengthen curricula development.

Discussing Sexual Health in the Medical Oncologist's Practice: Exploring Current Practice and Challenges Abstract Sexuality is a significant quality-of-life concern for many cancer patients. Patients may be disadvantaged if they are not informed and not offered sexual health care. We sought to reveal oncologists' current practice and opinions concerning sexual counselling. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice patterns of Dutch medical oncologists regarding treatment-related sexual dysfunction. Questionnaires were sent to 433 members of the Dutch Society of Medical Oncology. The majority (81.5%) of the 120 responding medical oncologists (response rate 30.6%) stated they discussed sexual function with fewer than half of their patients. At the same time, 75.8% of the participating oncologists agreed that addressing sexual function is their responsibility. Sexual function was discussed more often with younger patients and patients with a curative treatment intent. Barriers for avoiding discussing sexual function were lack of time (56.1%), training (49.5%) and advanced age of the patient (50.4%). More than half (64.6%) stated they had little knowledge about the subject and the majority (72.9%) wanted to acquire additional training in sexual function counselling. Medical oncologists accept that sexual function counselling falls within their profession, yet they admit to not counselling patients routinely concerning sexual function. Only in a minority of cases do medical oncologists inform their patients about sexual side effects of treatment. Whether they counsel patients is related to how they view patient's prognosis, patient's age, and self-reported knowledge. Findings indicate there is a role for developing education and practical training.

Predictors of Mammography Uptake Among Italian Women Aged 50–69: a Cross-sectional Study Abstract Screening coverage is of concern in several countries, including Italy. The aim of the study is to assess predictors of participation in the mammography screening program at the Local Health Unit RMA (Rome, Italy). A telephone-based questionnaire was administered to randomly selected eligible women. The study population was interviewed by the personnel of the health center. Five hundred two women were interviewed, of which 264(52.6%) have attended the breast cancer screening program at least once. The attendees received the invitation letter more often than the non-attendees (88.3% vs. 77.7%; p = 0.002) and were more willing to participate (85.6% vs. 69.3%; p < 0.001). Employees were more among the non-attendees of the screening program (66% vs. 52.3%; p = 0.002). Age over-61 (OR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.84–4.09), receiving the invitation letter (OR = 2.54; 95%CI = 1.52–4.24), and intention to participate (OR = 3.09; 95%CI = 1.94–4.91) were significantly associated with participation in the screening program. Although the invitation rate of the Local Health Unit RMA has improved in recent years, the mammography uptake rate remains very low. The presence of opportunistic screening activities, younger age, and low educational status could explain the low participation rates. Organizational barriers (e.g., screening hours coinciding with work hours, screening facilities located far away) may also limit participation. Major efforts should be made towards the regulation of opportunistic screening activities and reorganization of the screening centers and communication strategies to better comply with the needs of the target population. In this light, the involvement of different healthcare professionals, especially general practitioners, and gynecologists, is crucial.

Involving Patients in the Development and Evaluation of an Educational and Training Experiential Intervention (ETEI) to Improve Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treatment Decision-making and Post-operative Self-care: a Mixed Methods Approach Abstract This study aims to describe the acceptability and feasibility of an educational and training experiential intervention (ETEI) we developed to enhance muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients with treatment decision-making and post-operative self-care. Twenty-five patients were randomized to a control group (N = 8) or ETEI group (N = 17). ETEI group participated in a nurse-led session on MIBC education. The control group received diet and nutrition education. Study questionnaires were completed at baseline and at 1-month post-intervention. Our results showed acceptable recruitment (58%) and retention rates (68%). The ETEI group reported increased knowledge (82% vs. 50%), improved decisional support (64% vs. 50%), improved communication (73% vs. 50%), and increased confidence in treatment decisions (73% vs. 50%) compared to the control group. Patients in the control group reported improved diet (50% v. 27%) as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle (67% vs. 45%) compared to the ETEI group. Patients in the ETEI group reported a significant decrease in cancer worries and increases in self-efficacy beliefs over time compared to the control group. The ETEI was feasible, acceptable, and showed a potential for inducing desired changes in cancer worries and efficacy beliefs.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com